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Chemistry 112/111

Chemistry 112/111. Models of the Atom. Atomic Orbitals. An atomic orbital is a region of space where an electron can be found There are energy levels existing outside the nucleus These levels correspond to the periods of the periodic table

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Chemistry 112/111

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  1. Chemistry 112/111 Models of the Atom

  2. Atomic Orbitals • An atomic orbital is a region of space where an electron can be found • There are energy levels existing outside the nucleus • These levels correspond to the periods of the periodic table • Each energy sublevel corresponds to orbitals within a particular energy level

  3. Sublevels • Each sublevel corresponds to a different shape • s, p, d, f • Orientations of sublevels are referred to as orbitals • The s sublevel is a sphere and can only have one orientation in space • The p sublevel is dumb-bell shaped and can have three orientations in space • The d sublevel has clover-leaf shapes and has five orientations • The f sublevel is complex and can have seven orientations

  4. Electrons in Sublevels • Each orientation (orbital) of a sublevel can have a maximum of two electrons • This means that: • The s sublevel can house a maximum of 2 e- • 3 orientations of p = 6e- • 5 orientations of d = 10e- • 7 orientations of f = 14e- • The principal quantum number corresponds to the number of sublevels that can exist for that element

  5. Maximum e- in Energy Levels • First energy level can only have one sublevel (s) = 2e- • Second energy level can have two sublevels (s, p) = 10e- • Third energy level can have three sublevels (s, p, d) = 18e- • Fourth energy level can have four sublevels (s, p, d, f) = 32e-

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