;;a;aj lj

1. ;;a;aj lj

2. ;;a;aj ljhla hkqfjka ye|skafjkafka hï wdh;khl M,odhs;d j¾Okh Wfoid tu wdh;kfha fiajlhka tlg tlaj idlÉPd fldg y÷kd .kakd .eg¿ yd Bg ks¾foaYs; m%;sl¾u l<ukdlrKh fj; bosßm;a lrñka wdh;kfha Wkak;sh i|yd tu wdh;kfha wruqKq by<u uÜgulska idCId;a lr .ekSu i|yd lghq;= lrk lKavdhï fõ'

3. ;;a;aj lj b;sydih 1949 cmdk úoHd{hskaf.a iy bxðfkarejrekaf.a ix.uh úiska oekqj;a lsÍu jir 1956 isg ;;a;aj lj ms<sn`oj oekqj;a lsÍu Wfoid .=jka úÿ,s jevigyka mej;s w;r miqj th rEmjdysksh olajd jHdma; úh' • j¾;udkfha wm úiska ms<smosk ;;a;aj lj l%ufõoh y`ÿkajd oSfï f.!rjh ysñjkafka • Kaoru Ishikawa fj;gh'

4. ;;a;aj lj j, iajNdjh • l=vd lKavdhuls' • tlu wxYhl fiajh lsÍu' ^ fyda iudk fiajdjl kshe,Su & • 6 - 12 idudðl msßila isàu' • fmdÿ wruqKla ;sîu' • fm!oa.,sl wNsu;d¾: fjkqfjka fkdj wdh;kfha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka lghq;= lsÍu' • ks;ru tla /ia ùu' • ;ukaf.a fiajdjkag wod< .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu' • .eg¿ úYaf,aIKh' • úi`ÿï l<ukdldß;ajhg bosßm;a lsÍu'

5. ;;a;aj ljj, ,ÌK 01' iafõÉPdfjka l%shd;aul úh hq;=h' 02' wdh;kfha wruqKq idCId;a lr .ekSu i|yd talrdYs úh hq;= w;r fm!oa.,sl wNsu;d¾: bgq lr .ekSu i|yd fkd úh hq;=h' 03' ksrka;rfhka uqK .eiSu w;HjYH 04' idudkH jev lrk ld,fha oS uqK .eiSu 05' hï wëCIlfhl=f.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a lsÍu 06' jevm,g wod< .eg¿ úi`oSu i|yd úh hq;=h 07' l<ukdlrKhg m%;sl¾u fhdackd l< hq;=h' lKavdhfï idudcsl ixLHdj l=vd úh hq;=h' 09' wxY jYfhka fyda l%shdjka wkqj lKavdhï .; úh hq;=h'

6. by< l<ukdldß;ajh uOHu l<ukdldß;ajh fiajl uKav,h .eg¿

7. by< l<ukdldß;ajh uOHu l<ukdldß;ajh fiajl uKav,h wkqu; lsÍu fhdackd l%shd;aul lsÍu

8. ;;a;aj lj ;;a;aj lj 5 S 5S 5S 5 S ;;a;aj lj 5S l%shdj,s jeä oshqKqj l%shdj,s jeä oshqKqj ;;a;aj lj 5S

9. ;;a;aj lj o¾Ykh • iyNd.s;aj l<ukdlrKh' • udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh' • .eg¿ úi`oSfï l%shdj,sh'

10. ;;a;aj lj - wruqK 1' lKavdhï ye`.Sï j¾Okh lsÍu' 2' fiajlhkaf.a .eg¿ úi`oSfï iy úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï Odß;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 3' NdKAvfha$fiajdfõ ;;a;ajh iy M,odhS;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 4' m%shodhS fiajd ia:dkhla we;s lsÍu' 5' iajhx úYajdih iy ffO¾hh by< kexùu' 6' ld¾h uKav,fha oekqu l=i,;d iy wdl,am j¾Okh' 7' w¨;a ixúOdk ixialD;shla f.dv kexùu' 8' by< fiajl wNsfm%arKhla we;s lsÍu' 9' wNHka;r ikaksfõokh mq¿,a ùu' 10' rdcldßh flfrys we,aula we;s ùu'

11. ;;a;aj lj uQ,O¾u • wfkl=;a l<ukdlrK iïm;a j,g iudkju jeo.;a iïm;la f,i ld¾h uKav,h ie,lSu' • iEu fiajlfhlau m%fhdackj;a idudðlfhla f,i il%Shj odhl lr .ekSu' • ish¨u uÜgïj, iyNd.s;ajh iy iydh' • lKavdhfï l%shdldrlï' • ks¾udKYS,s;ajh i`oyd ksrka;r osß .ekaùu' • tosfkod rdcldßj,g iïnkaO jHdmD;s flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu'

12. ;;a;aj ljhl id¾:l;ajhg n,mdk idOl' • by< kdhl;ajfha lemùu iy u`. fmkaùu' • fiajl uKav,fha odhl;ajh' • mqyqKq l%u fõoh' • ish¨u uÜgïj, iyNd.s;ajh' • meyeos<s wruqKla ;sîu' • ksrka;r /iaùu' • wjYH myiqlï i,id oSu' • jD;a;sh iñ;sj, iyfhda.h' • fiajl fhdackd$woyia WfmaCIdfjka Ndr .ekSu' • m%.;sh ikaksfõokh lsÍu' • lj w;r ;r`. iy ;;a;aj ljh m%j¾Ok jevigyka'

13. ;;a;aj lj jdis' • fiajlhska iy l<ukdldß;ajh w;r lsÜgq iïnkaO;djhla we;s ùu' • fiajlhska w;r iyfhda.h j¾Okh ùu' • kj oekqula ,eîu' • /lshdfõ ;Dma;sh' • fiajlhska w;r ks¾udKYS,s;ajh we;s lsÍu' • jev moaO;s iy l%u fõo" l%shd mámdáka j¾Okh ùu" l%uj;a ùu' • wd;au úYajdih j¾Okh ùu' • wdh;kfhka imhk fiajdfõ ;;a;ajh$ M,odhS;djh j¾Okh ùu' • .eg¿ úi`oSfï l%u fõoh jgyd .ekSu'

14. ;;a;aj lj j, ñkqï l< fkdyels m%;s,dN • /lshdfõ ;Dma;sh $ idvïnr;ajh • ikaksfõokh jeä oshqKq ùu • iyfhda.s;djh j¾Okh • jev wdl,am j¾Okh • lKavdhï ye`.Sï jeä oshqKqj

15. ;;a;aj ljj,ñkqï l< yels m%;s,dN M,odhs;djh j¾Okh NdKavfha$fiajdfõ .=Kd;aulNdjh j¾Okh uQ,Huh jdiSka ,eîu myiqfjka$blauKska jev l< yels ùu ksrmo;djh j¾Okh

16. ;;a;aj lj y`ÿkajd oSu • wdh;k m%Odkshdf.a iyNd.s;ajh" lemùu iy u`. fmkaùu w;HjYH idOlhla fõ' • ;;a;aj lj ixl,amh ms<sn`oj uOHu uÜgfï ks,OdÍka oekqj;a lsÍu' • fiajl uKav,h fj; ;;a;aj lj y`ÿkajd oSu yd ;;a;aj ljfha idudðlhka ùug wdrdOkd lsÍu' • myiqlï imhkafkl= f,i fcHIaG úOdhl ks,Odßfhl= m;a lsÍu' • fufyhqï lñgqjla m;a lsÍu' • mqyqKqq wjYH;d y`ÿkd .ekSu' • mqyqKq jevigyka ,nd oSu' • ksis mßos lj /iaùï meje;aùu' • ljfha l%shdldß;ajh i`oyd wjYH myiqlï ,nd oSu'

17. ;;a;aj lj l=ula i|yd o 1' mdßfNda.sl ;Dma;sh by< kexùu' 2' kdia;sh wju lsÍu' 3' ;;a;ajh iy M,odhs;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 4' wk;=re wju lsÍu

18. WodyrK - ^ ;;a;aj lj jHdmD;s& • fiajd ,nd oSfï m%udoh j<lajd .ekSu' • uydud¾.j, yosis wk;=re j<lajd .ekSu' • ld¾hd,fha úÿ,s ì, wvq lsÍu' • ld¾hhka kej; kej; lsÍfuka je<lSu' • fiajdia:dk msßisÿj mj;ajd .ekSu' • frday,a kv;a;=j ksis mßos isÿ lsÍu' • ksIamdos; NdKavj, fodaI wju lsÍu' • NdKav wdmiq yrjd tùï wvq lr .ekSu'

19. ;;a;aj lj úiska f;dard fkd.; hq;= jHdmD;s • rcfha m%;sm;a;s' • pl%f,aL iïnkaO .eg¿' • jD;a;sh iñ;s fldkafoais' • iqN idOl lghq;=' • úkh l%shdud¾.' • idudkH mßmd,k lghq;= - n`ojd .ekSï" Wiia lsÍï" jev ;ykï" jegqma j¾Ol'

20. ;;a;aj lj wdrïN lsrSu

21. ;;a;aj lj - ixúOdk jHQyh • m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhd • fufyhqï lñgqj • kshdul lñgqj • myiqlï imhkakd' • lj kdhlhd' • lj idudðlhka'

22. lj idudðlhka lj idudðlhka lj idudðlhka lj idudðlhka lj kdhlhd lj kdhlhd lj kdhlhd lj kdhlhd m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhd fufyhqï lñgqj myiqlï imhkakd kshdul lñgqj

23. fufyhqï lñgqj • ;;a;aj lj jev igyk fufyhjk ixúOdkfha tallh fõ' • úOdhl m%Odk ks,Odßhd m%Odk;ajh orhs' • wxY m%Odkska iyNd.s fõ' • ;;a;aj lj l%shd;aul lsÍug wod< m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh lrhs' • l%shd;au ie,eiau ilia lrhs' • myiqlï imhkakka f;aÍu' • m%.;s iudf,dapkh' • ;Hd. yd we.hSu ksYaph lsÍu'

24. myiqlï imhkakd • l<ukdldß;ajh úiska m;a lrhs' • l<ukdldß;ajh iy ljh iïnkaO lrhs' • myiqlï imhkafkl=f.a ,CIK $ld¾hhka • újD; iy iyfhda.S mßirhla mj;ajd .ekSu' • ljh rdcldßj,g iïnkaO jHdmD;sj, kshef,k njg ;yjqre lr .ekSu' • lj jevigyfka úhoï yd m%fhdack ms<sn`oj l<ukdldß;ajhg jd¾;d lsÍu' • lj kdhlhskag mqyqKqjla ,nd oSu$u. fmkaùu' • ueosy;alrefjl= f,i m%ldY lsÍu' • lj Wkkaÿ lsÍu' • ikaksfõok lghq;= bgq lsÍu' • lj lsysmhla md,kh l< yels ùu' • fufyhqï lñgqj iu`. iïnkaëlrKh'

25. lj kdhlhskaCircle Leaders • wxYj, m%Odkska fyda nyq;rhla leue;a; u; f;dard.;a fiajlhska fõ' ^ .eg¿ úi`osfï l%u fõo$Ys,am l%u& iy fuj,ï iïnkaO ^myiqlï imhkakkaf.a odhl;ajh ,nd .ks' • QCC l%shdj,sh ksis mßos l%ñlj isÿjk njg j. n,d .ekSu' • jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu iy wjYH f;dr;=re l<ukdlr bosßm;a lsÍu i`oyd iyh ùu' • lj /iaùu meje;aùu' • iyh iy u`. fmkaùu ,nd oSu' • wksl=;a fiajlhskao idudðlhka u. fmkaùu $osß .ekaùu' • .eg¿ úi`oSfïoS iyh ùu' • lKavdhï úkh mj;ajd .ekSu'

26. lj idudðlhka Members • /iaùïj,g jd¾;d lsÍu' • lj jHdmD;sj,oS Wmßu iyfhda.h ,nd oSu' • m%Yak y`ÿkd .ekSu" woyia ,nd oSu" wjYH;djh mßos ióCIK yd ksÍCIK meje;aùu" lj jHdmD;Ska u.ska .eg¿ úi`oSfïoS iyh ùu' • l<uKdldß;ajfha bosßm;a lsÍïj,oS iyh ùu'

27. 7 Quality Tools ;;a;aj lj i|yd Ndú;d jk fuj,ï

28. Quality Control Tools 1.Check Sheet - m%.uK j.=

29. i;sh ldrKh $m%Yakh m<uq i;sh fojk i;sh ;=kajk i;sh isõjk i;sh miajk i;sh tl;=j f.or wNHdi fkdlsrSu 18 fmd;a ke;slu 7 ksrdydrj mka;shg meñKSu 15 foudmshka wjOdkh fhduqfkdlsrSu 19 ljlgq fmÜá fkdue;sj meñKSu 9 .Ks;h úIhg m%udo ù meñKsu 17

30. ldrKh isÿjk jdr .Kk 1 2 3 4 5 20 22 28 30 36 2.Histogram/Bar Charts/graphs

31. 2.Histogram/Bar Charts/graphs Easy to illustrate visually

32. 03' md,k igyka ^ Control Chart -Shewhart) Process Parameter Upper Control Limit Central Line Lower Control Limit Time

33. uÜgu iSudfjka msg 12. 00 Central Line iSudfjka msg 11.30 Lower Control Limit ld,h 12.30 Upper control limit

34. fya;=j jdr .Kk$o;a; % iuqÉÑ; m%;sY;h % iuqÉÑ; ;sj%;djh foudmshka wjOdkh fhduq fkdlsrSu 70 40 70 40 40 23 110 63 f.or jev fkdlsrSu .Ks;hg m%udo ù meñKsu 35 20 145 83 ,uqka laa,dka; ùu 14 8 159 91 ljlgq fmÜá ke;sùu 9 5 168 96 .Ks;h úIhg m%udo ù meñKSu 7 4 175 100 04' mefrfgda igyk

35. Pareto Chart iuqÉÑ; m%;sY;h . ;sj%;dj m%;sY;h . 100 80 60 40 20 100 80 60 40 20 . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6

36. 5.Cause & Effect Diagram(Ishikawa) Man Machine Material Effect Method Measurement Environment

37. mjqf,a wdodhu uil ,l=Kq 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 70 35 80 32 40 92 52 06' Scatter Diagram- úisß; igyka

38. 06' Scatter Diagram- úisß; igyka

39. wdodhu ,l=Kq 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 20 30 45 52 64 72 92

41. 7.Startification Sub grouping data in order to determine if there is any special variation Age Production Height ?

43. Step What Why When Where Who How - - - - - - 5W1H Description

44. PDCA

46. 5 Whys • Ask Why Five Times • wehs hkqfjka miajrla úuikak

47. Seven new QC Tools(Seven new Management and planning tools) • Affinity Diagram • Interrelationship Diagram • Tree Diagram • Prioritization Matrix • Matrix Diagram • Process Decision Program Chart • Activity Network Diagram

48. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh Plan .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu Do jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu Check jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh Action iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï

49. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSfï wfõCIK m;%h P Q C D S M Is Productivity a Problem ? tu .eg¿j M,odhs;dj iïnkaO .eg¿jla o @ Is Quality a Problem ? th ;;a;ajh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Cost a Problem ? th msßjeh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Delivery a Problem ? th fnod yeÍu iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Safety a Problem ? th ksrmo;djh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Morale a Problem ? th Ñ;a; ffO¾h iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@

50. Is Productivity a Problem ?tu .eg¿j M,odhs;dj iïnkaO .eg¿jla o @ • M,odhs;djh iïnkaO .eg¿ by< M,odhS fkdjk ld,h oskloS ksIamdok m%udKh my, jeàu fj<`o ksfhdað;fhl=g$wf,ú wkqmd;h wvq ùu