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Chapter 13

World War I . Chapter 13. Original Source: Ms. Susan Pojer. WWI Map . Label the following: Norway Sweden Russia Germany Austria-Hungary France Spain Italy Serbia Romania Greece Bulgaria Africa Arabia Ottoman Empire United Kingdom Persia Baltic Sea

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Chapter 13

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  1. World War I Chapter 13 Original Source: Ms. Susan Pojer

  2. WWI Map • Label the following: • Norway • Sweden • Russia • Germany • Austria-Hungary • France • Spain • Italy • Serbia • Romania • Greece • Bulgaria • Africa • Arabia • Ottoman Empire • United Kingdom • Persia • Baltic Sea • Black sea • North Sea • Atlantic Ocean • Mediterranean Sea • Create a color key for the Following : • Netherlands • Luxemburg • Belgium • Montenegro • Albania • Create a symbol key: • Allied powers • Central powers • Maps • Pg. 409 • Pg. 412 • Pg. 426

  3. Causes of WWI M- Militarism A- secret Alliances I- Imperialism N- Nationalism

  4. Militarism • Militarism- the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy • Each nation wanted stronger armed forces than those of a potential enemy. • By 1890 Germany had the strongest army. • When Germany began to build up its navy that is when Britain and other European nations started to build up their navies.

  5. Alliance System • 2 major defense alliance systems in Europe Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

  8. Europe-- 1917

  9. Imperialism • European nations had been building empires • The colonies supplied their mother countries with raw materials and were markets for manufactured goods. • Newly unified countries such as Germany and Italy wanted to get in the imperial race.

  10. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

  11. Nationalism • Nation- refers to a group of people who share a common language, religion, history and tradition. • Nationalism- devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation • Not all nations had states; many were included in empires (nations will want their own states) • Nationalism spurred competitions amongst states= everybody (nation) wants to be 1!

  12. Aggressive Nationalism

  13. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 Look at the different ‘nations’ with the countries. Referred to as the “Powder Keg” of Europe.

  14. The SPARK that set of World War I • June 1914 Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, visited Bosnian capital Sarajevo • Serbian nationalist GavriloPrincip assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. • This set off a fire storm with in the alliance system!!!! One by one each nation was pulled into the conflict.

  15. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

  16. The Assassination: Sarajevo

  17. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip He was a member of the black Hand- an organization promoting Serbian nationalism.

  18. How each country was brought into war through the alliance system: 1. Declares war on Serbia– who is backed by Russia Austria-Hungary 2. Germany (allied with A-H) Declares war on 3. France (allied with Russia) 4. 6. Then, Germany invades Belgium leading to…. 5. Great Britain declares war Germany and A-H

  19. Fighting begins • Schlieffen Plan • Germany invaded Belgium using this strategy • Plan called for the Germans to hold Russia, quickly march through Belgium to get to France and once France was defeated the 2 German armies would attack Russia

  20. German Atrocities in Belgium

  21. Trench Warfare • Trench warfare • Military operations where opposing forces attack from fortified ditches • Battle for mere yards of ground • No Man’s land- barren expanse of mud filled with barbed wire and shell craters • 2 parallel systems of deep, rat infested trenches

  22. Trench Warfare

  23. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

  24. U-Boats ** unrestricted submarine warfare**

  25. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

  26. The Sinking of the Lusitania

  27. The Zimmerman Telegram

  28. America Joins theAllies • Because Germany resumed its use of unrestricted warfare and Wilson’s desire for a just peace, US declared war on Germany in April 1917.

  29. The YanksAre Coming!

  30. Raising an Army

  31. Americans in the Trenches • American expeditionary Forces affected the course of war by deflecting the last push of Germans on the western front in France!

  32. War IsHELL!!

  33. Sacrifices in War

  34. New Weapons

  35. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

  36. 22,000,000Dead

  37. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

  38. Wilson’s Plan for Peace“make the world safe for democracy” • Fourteen points • No Secret treaties • Freedom of the Seas • Free Trade • Arms (weapons) reduced • Colonial powers should represent colonies • League of Nations • International organization to address diplomatic crises • Goal was to prevent war

  39. Treaty of Versailles • Problem: Allies were determined to protect their own national interest • Treaty of Versailles: • Established new nations (did not accommodate all the ethnic diversity in Europe= people in countries will struggle for their own nation to be formed) • Imposed a war guilt clause- Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting WWI • War reparations (war damages) on Germany • These actions laid the basis for the next war!!! • US failed to ratify the treaty of Versailles and did not join the league of Nations (Remember- Congress must approve the ratification of treaties it is a part of the checks and balances)

  40. Treaty of Versailles

  41. War at Home

  42. Mobilization on the Home front • “Work or Fight” • US economy booms in response to the war • Wages on the rise meaning people are making more $$= spending more $$ • US tried to help produce and conserve food—grew Victory gardens • Paying for the War • Rise in taxes • Selling government bonds

  43. Propaganda • Propaganda- designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions • Characterized the Germans as Huns and resulted in discrimination against Americans of German descent

  44. Posters

  45. WWI encourages Social Changes…continued • Women • Women moved into jobs that had been exclusively held by men • Women gained the right to vote from the 19th amendment—ratified in 1920 • Equal work did NOT mean equal pay

  46. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

  47. Legacy of WWI • Accelerated America’s emergence as the world’s greatest industrial power • Strengthened US military and power of government • Accelerated social change for African Americans and women in the US • Intensified anti-immigration and anti-radical sentiments amongst mainstream Americans • Unsettled disputes in Europe • Political instability and violence in Europe

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