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Chapter 18: Conquest and Survival – The Trans-Mississippi West

Chapter 18: Conquest and Survival – The Trans-Mississippi West. 1860-1900. American Communities:. Oklahoma Land Rush. 18.1: Indian People Under Siege. Gold rush (1848) Homestead Act (1862) Alaska Terr. (1867) TRR (1869) Trouble w/Natives. A. Growth of the West.

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Chapter 18: Conquest and Survival – The Trans-Mississippi West

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  1. Chapter 18: Conquest and Survival – The Trans-Mississippi West 1860-1900

  2. American Communities: Oklahoma Land Rush

  3. 18.1: Indian People Under Siege

  4. Gold rush (1848) Homestead Act (1862) Alaska Terr. (1867) TRR (1869) Trouble w/Natives A. Growth of the West

  5. A. Growth of the West 6. Indian Removal Act – 1830 • Removal of Natives by force if needed/Pres. AJ • Trail of Tears after Cherokee Nation v. Ga. 1831 • “No Mans Land” • Leads to “Land Rush” and “Sooners”

  6. “Land Rush” & “Sooners”

  7. Farming Christianity English Education “Friends of the Indians” C. Assimilation of the Native American

  8. Dances with Wolves

  9. Importance of the Buffalo

  10. Killed by hunters for heads, hides, bones, and fur for sport by RR co. 2. Helped gov’t push Natives onto reservations D. Settlers and the Buffalo

  11. Natives told to make camp at Sand Creek to make peace deal. Col. Chivington >100 Cheyenne killed while sleeping; bodies mutilated Body parts kept as souvenirs Later discredited by Congress E. Massacre at Sand Creek, Co 1864

  12. Ended Great Sioux War of 1865-1867 Lands in the Black Hills, SD, Wy, and Mt. Deposits of gold discovered, which leads to … F. Treaty of Laramie (1868)

  13. 7th Calvary sent to take lands of Black Hills – found gold Custer and men overtaken and killed by Crazy Horse Public outcry = forcing more onto reservations Same situation with the Nez Perce in the NW Pacific “Custer’s Last Stand” G. Battle at Little Bighorn, Mt.(aka Greasy Grass ) (1876)

  14. 18.7: Transformation of Indian Society

  15. Exposes injustices of the NA by the US gov’t Supporter of assimilation Indian Rights Assoc Women’s nat’l Indian Assoc A. Helen Hunt Jackson (1881)

  16. B. Dawes Severalty Act (1887) • To “Americanize” NA by teaching them that owning land and farming was “right” • Reservation lands distributed to head of household; 160 acres; individuality not communal • Lands left over sold to settlers • NA lost >2/3rd of their lands

  17. 1. Return of the buffalo 2. Restorations of their lands 3. Make the white man disappear C. Ghost Dance: prohibited by government

  18. D. Battle of Wounded Knee @ Pine Ridge Reservation (1890) • Started with the arrest and killing of Sitting Bull • A few days later, 7th Calvary rounded up ghost dancers and took them to Wounded Knee Camp • >200 unarmed NA killed and left to freeze • Payback for Battle of Little Bighorn • Brought Indian wars to an end

  19. Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee

  20. 18.2: Internal Empire Mining, Mormons, and Mexicans

  21. Miners “Striking it Rich!”Mining for Gold and Silver

  22. a. Pros Railroads increased Statehood increased Cities developed and “Boomed”- economy grew rapidly b. Cons Increased crime Destruction of land “ghost towns” 1. Pros and Cons of Mining

  23. a. Mine owners - able to invest capital in industries that supported the miners Equip and technology RR Timber hydroelectricity 2. Real Winners? http://cprr.org/Museum/Hydraulic_Mining/

  24. Hazards of Mining The Western Federation of Miners on parade, passing the Southern Hotel in Rhyolite, February 17, 1907. (Nevada Historical Society)

  25. Miners & Workers

  26. From Boom Towns to Ghost Towns http://cprr.org/Museum/Hydraulic_Mining/

  27. Realities of “Helldorados”

  28. Joseph Smith Brigham Young B. Mormons

  29. Economically and socially tied to land and country Very few prospered Formed political party Poor political conditions in Mex = migration C. Mexican-Americans

  30. 18.5: The World’s Breadbasket

  31. McCormick’s reaper A. Farming and Technology

  32. A. Farming and Technology • Efficiency = increase trade 2. Dependent on: • Technology • Nature • Shipping and RR • Global markets

  33. 18.4: Farming Communities on the Plains

  34. 1. Why move to the Great Plains? (future home of the Dust Bowl!) Homestead Act Advertising RR/towns Farming technology A. The Great Plains

  35. B. Homestead Act of 1862 • 160 acres • 5 yrs cultivation (grow crops) • Land for farming was bad • Option of purchasing it at $1.25 acre after 6 months (residency requirement) • Only 10% of farmers received their lands from the act. Why so little? - Better lands closer to transportation and town/mkts

  36. Dugouts

  37. Soddies

  38. 18.3: The Open Range

  39. Cowboys & Cattle

  40. Long Drives

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