The Seven Years War

1. The Seven Years War How did this … Become this?

2. The Seven Years War From 1754 to 1763 Great Britain and France _______ for _______ of the_______ _______ _______. In North America it was called theFrench and Indian War. Beginning in 1756 it spread from North America to world wide proportions and became known as The Seven Years War.

3. The Seven Years War • What were the causes of the war? • What were the major occurrences during the war? • What were the effects, long and short term, of the war? • What developed as a result of the effects of the war?

4. The Seven Years War What is wrong with this picture?

5. The Seven Years War The Wars Between France and England from 1689 to 1750 King William’s War (League of Augsburg) – 1689-1697 Began in 1688 when France invaded the Palatinate (an area of “Germany) in support of Louis XIV’s sister. Originally fought between France and The League of Augsburg (Austria, Bavaria, Brandenburg, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, the Palatinate of the Rhine, Portugal, Saxony, Spain, Sweden, and the United Provinces.) England joined the war in 1689 when William of Orange, who dispossessed James II (his father in law) and the League became known as the Grand Alliance. Queen Anne’s War (War of Spanish Succession) 1702-1713 Began when the last Spanish Hapsburg left his estate to Louis XIV’s grandson. Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire fought to protect his claims against the inheritance. France and Spain against the Holy Roman Empire, the United Provinces, England and others. King George’s War (War of Austrian Succession) 1745-1748 Began when Maria Theresa of Austria succeeded her father and Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia. Fought between Austria, Bohemia, Russia & Great Britain and Prussia, France, Spain, Bavaria & Sweden

6. The Seven Years War The Three Phases of the War • 1753 to 1756 • 1756 to 1757 • 1758 to 1763

7. The Seven Years War Important Events of 1753 - 1754 The French move into the ____ _____ area when they hear reports of English traders entering the area. The English respond and are __________ __________. At the ______ Congress, a “Plan of Unification” is constructed and sent out but fails to gain approval of a single colonial assembly. The Indian tribes align with the ______ against the _______.

8. The Seven Years War1753 & 1754 In response Britain moved to establish its presence in the area. Both Pennsylvania and Virginia were playing and being played by the Indians of the area against one another. Gov. Dinwiddie of Virginia sends a force to the Forks in April 1754 and work begins on an English fort there. The French force the English to retreat. Construction of Fort Necessity begins. As early as 1749, French forces penetrated to the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers (called “The Forks of the Ohio” or simply “The Forks”). In 1753 the French established forts Presque Island, La Boeuf an Marchault (Venango. The French planned to build a fort at the Forks in 1754.

9. The Seven Years War1753 & 1754 • Robert Dinwiddie • Lt. Governor of Virginia 1751-58. • Requires that Virginia pay a _______ tax: although his right, no prior officials had enforced this act and this leads to resentment and bitter feeling toward him (Anderson p. 40). • The _______ Company makes Dinwiddie a share holder (Anderson p. 30). • Threatened by the French presence, begins construction at the Forks. • He sends messages to all the colonies regarding the confrontations in the west and asking them for their assistance should it become necessary. • Prior to calling the House of Burgess into assembly Dinwiddie makes war preparations and then expects the Burgess to ______ the _______. During the seven years of Dinwiddie's term he was a staunch advocate of the authority of Great Britain over the colonies. He has been called the "Grandfather of the American Revolution" because of his patronage of George Washington, but he was not and never became a supporter of colonial rights.

10. The Seven Years War1753 & 1754 The Albany Congress The Albany Congress met in Albany from June 19 to July 11, 1754. Holding daily meetings at the City Hall, official delegates from seven colonies considered strategies for Indian diplomacy and put forth the so-called Albany Plan of Union. The Mohawks and other Native groups were represented at the meetings as well. Albany Plan of Union 1754 It is proposed that humble application be made for an act of Parliament of Great Britain, by virtue of which one general government may be formed in America, including all the said colonies, within and under which government each colony may retain its present constitution, except in the particulars wherein a change may be directed by the said act, as hereafter follows.

11. The Seven Years War Important Events of 1755 The French suffer defeat at Fort Beausejour The French install Vaudreuil as governor of New France Braddock takes over as commander in chief in the British colonies Braddock marches on the French at the Forks and is defeated Shirley marches on Niagara and is defeated Initial skirmishes in the Lake George area (Johnson wins at Lake George but is defeated at Crown Point. The British expel the Acadians

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13. The Seven Years War1755

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15. The Seven Years WarResults France relinquished any and all control of any colonies on North America including ________. Spain, who had entered the war as France’s ally, ceded ________ to England. France signed _____________ over to Spain. Britain was firmly in control of the North American continent east of the _______________ __________. The American Indians could no longer play the middle man pitting the French against the English. English colonists saw the west as ______ and began to push into the new land despite the aims and goals of British policy makers.

16. The Seven Years WarConsequences Britain was firmly in control of the North American continent east of the Mississippi River. Both France and England had amassed __________ __________. England passed many new ____ and ___ in an attempt to raise revenue to pay off their debt: most directly impacted the ________ ________ ________. England saw the colonies as __________ at best and __________ at worst.

17. British Expansion - 1776

18. The Seven Years WarReactions • England saw the colonies as unappreciative at best and disloyal at worst. • Colonists had often refused to follow English officers into battle. British officers held the colonials in low regard and did not consider them to have any will to fight. • New England shipping companies had continued to _____ with the French in the West Indies: they were seen as more interested in profit than ______. • Colonial congresses and assemblies had been reluctant to levy taxes on the colonists but gladly accept funds from the Royal Treasury: this led the government to enact means by which they could recoup some of the cost of the war. • These reactions led to resentment on the part of the home islands who felt the war had been fought largely for the _______ of the ___________.

19. The Seven Years WarReactions • The colonists viewed the same events much differently. • With the French gone and the threat removed, the colonists did not feel there was a need for the ________ ________ of British regulars in their cities and towns. • The colonists felt they had, in effect, put their lives on hold to fight the war: with it over, they turn back to personal concerns rather than those of the crown. • A ______ ______ was slowly beginning to emerge in which the colonists no longer pictured themselves as English. • Many colonial volunteers resented the condescending attitude displayed by their “betters” – the regular offices during the war. • Merchants could not understand why they had to conform to the wishes and desires of the home islands – what was wrong with private profit?

20. The Seven Years WarEffects • Despite the joy of victory, rifts began to appear in the relationship between the ______ __________ and the __________. • The crown began to __________ __________ and raise revenue to pay for the war. • As control tightened and taxes were raised, __________ toward the crown built in the colonies. • The rift would eventually become so wide that the two would drift further and further apart. • Eventually these reactions led to the colonies declaring their independence and thus England would “loose” much of what it gained during the war. • France, seeing a chance to ____ the _____ with England, would come to the aid of the colonists during their war for independence. • France too would suffer a __________ – an internal bloody revolution as the peasantry rebelled against the _____ levied on them for the Seven Years War and the aid provided to the American colonies.