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Caitlin Monaghan’s PowerPoint

Caitlin Monaghan’s PowerPoint. What factors contribute to creating one’s personality?. What is personality?. Personality is basically the sum of who we are, taking our traits, character, behavior and lives, among other things, into account. Nature Versus Nurture. Background. Ancient Greeks

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Caitlin Monaghan’s PowerPoint

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  1. Caitlin Monaghan’s PowerPoint What factors contribute to creating one’s personality?

  2. What is personality? Personality is basically the sum of who we are, taking our traits, character, behavior and lives, among other things, into account.

  3. Nature Versus Nurture

  4. Background • Ancient Greeks • Galen • Humours • Blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm • Nature • Based on bodies • Sigmund Freud • Psychoanalysis • Id, Ego, Super Ego • Psychosexual Stages • Fixations • Nature or Nurture?

  5. Nurture Environment Many prominent psychologists tended to be nurture when personality psychology was first created.

  6. Erik Erikson • “Neo-Freudian” scholar • Emphasized social and cultural aspects • Eight stages of conflicts that interact with one’s environment

  7. John B. Watson • Created Behaviorism • Albert and the rat • 5 ways to study personality • Education • Achievements • Psychological tests • Recreation • Emotional reactions

  8. B.F. Skinner • Researched mainly with animals • Growth through reinforcers and punishers

  9. Albert Bandura • Humans are “cognitive beings” • Theories of personality development • Environmental Determinism • Reciprocal Determinism

  10. Jean Piaget • Psychologist partly on nature side • Children grow through intellectual activity • Stages of intellectual growth • Sensorimotor • Preoperational • Concrete operations • Formal operations

  11. Anna Freud and Melanie Klein • Anna Freud • Children cannot be analyzed • Still being influenced by parents • Superego is unformed • Melanie Klein • Child development of young children • Analyze by looking at recreation • Analyze non-related children

  12. Nature Genes This side relies heavily on science to determine hereditary influences.

  13. Nature • Hereditary Influences • Two main methods of determining influence • Selective Breeding • Family Studies • Twin Design • Adoption Design

  14. Nature and Nurture • One side often affects the other • Genes can affect one’s environment • Environment can provoke certain genes

  15. Nature and Nurture • Genes affect environment • Biological parents affect how the child is brought up • Genes can affect other people’s behavior • Genes can determine the types of environment sought out

  16. Nature and Nurture • Environment affecting genes • Predispositions may or may not be triggered • Is it possible to prevent triggering predispositions?

  17. Conclusion Personality is created through both nature and nurture, but genes play the largest role because of their indirect influence over large aspects of environment as well.

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