Ch . 15 sec 3 Fascism Rises in Europe I. Fascism’s Rise in Italy A. Fascism

1. Ch. 15 sec 3 Fascism Rises in EuropeI. Fascism’s Rise in ItalyA. Fascism • Fascismwas a new, militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. • Unlike communism their was no defined theory or program

2. A. Fascism 3. The beliefs they did have were: nationalism, conquering weaker nations, pledge loyalty to the authoritarian leader • Actions: Fascists wore uniforms of a certain color, used special salutes, and held mass rallies

3. A. Fascism 5. Similarities to Communism: allowed only one political party (their own), state was supreme, & denied individual rights • Differences to Communism: Believed in having different classes in society, and had zero desire to unite the workers of the world

4. B. Mussolini Takes Control • Italy was upset over the lack of land gained as a result of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 • Citizens were upset with inflation, unemployment and the helplessness of the democratic govt.

5. B. Mussolini Takes Control 3. Newspaper editor Benito Mussolini promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces 4. He founded the Fascist Party of 1919 and gained citizen support; The fascist wore black shirts 5. King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the govt. “This is the epitaph I want on my tomb: "Here lies one of the most intelligent animals who ever appeared on the face of the earth”--Mussolini

6. C. IL Duce’s Leadership • Mussolini called himself IL Duce (or Leader) and abolished democracy • Jailed political opponents, censored radio and newspaper info

7. II. Hitler Rises to Power in GermanyA. The Rise of the Nazis • 1. Adolf Hitler: was a little known political leader early on in his life with many disappointments; WWI changed his life and he earned two Iron Crosses • 2. He joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party called Nazi for short

8. A. The Rise of the Nazis 3. They believed that Germany needed to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism 4. This brand of Fascism became known as Nazism and had a private militia called the storm troopers or Brown Shirts 5. Hitler is chosen as der Fuhrer (or leader) because of his successes as an organizer & orator

9. A. The Rise of the Nazis 7. While in jail he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) which stated that “Aryans were a master race and declared that Germany was overcrowded and needed more lebensraum or living space • Germans ignored him until the Great Depression struck ending the brief postwar economic recovery

10. III. Hitler Becomes ChancellorA. Nazis Gain Political Power • In 1933 President Paul von Hindenburg named Hitler chancellor opening the door of power for him • Once in office he was able to call for new elections which he won by a narrow margin 3. With his new power he turned Germany into a totalitarian govt

11. A. Nazis Gain Political Power 4. In 1934 the SS arrested and killed hundreds of his enemies 5. Hitler took total command of the economy putting millions of Germans to work by constructing factories, highways, and weapons • Unemployment dropped from 6 million to 1.5 in 1936

12. B. The Fuhrer is Supreme • Hitler wanted total control over every aspect of German life • Used the press, radio, literature, painting, and film as propaganda tools

13. B. The Fuhrer is Supreme 3. School children had to join the Hitler Youth (boys) and the League of German Girls to learn German ideals 4. Hitler used Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy to promote the use of brute force