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Four. Ethical Speaking Guidelines. Always be ethical Speak up and speak out (responsibly) Promote positive cultural values Be informed and prepared Acknowledge shades of gray. Be ethical while speaking. Be up front about intentions Use truthful, accurate materials (give credit)
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Ethical Speaking Guidelines • Always be ethical • Speak up and speak out (responsibly) • Promote positive cultural values • Be informed and prepared • Acknowledge shades of gray
Be ethical while speaking • Be up front about intentions • Use truthful, accurate materials (give credit) • Concrete language • Be inclusive • Avoid verbal attacks • Don’t overuse emotional appeals • Respect others’ time • Accept responsibility
Tips to avoid Plagiarism • Prepare early and manage time • Use a system for taking notes • Create something new with research • Use multiple resources • Give verbal credit • Abide by fair use
Civility • Respect, manners, compassion & goodwill. • Outcomes • Promotes ethical practices • Audience is more likely to keep listening • Society as a whole benefits
Listening • Hearing versus Listening • Active versus Passive listening
Listening Process • Hearing • Picking up stimuli • Attending • Choosing what to focus on • Interpreting • Assigning meaning • Responding • Internally or externally reacting to assigned interp.
Levels of Listening • Pseudo-listening (fake-listening) • Appreciative (personal pleasure) • Empathic (identifying feelings) • Comprehensive (ignore distractions, interact with message) • Critical (analyze and evaluate)
Civil and Ethical Listening • Open mind attitude • Courtesy in nonverbals • Seek out opposing viewpoints • Hold speaker accountable