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Grammaticus’ Grammar

Grammaticus’ Grammar. The Eight Last Words & The Four Last Things Regarding English-Latin Parts of Speech. Words, words, words…. Both English and Latin divide their language into eight “parts of speech”. Each part of speech conveys a different kind of idea.

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Grammaticus’ Grammar

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  1. Grammaticus’ Grammar The Eight Last Words & The Four Last Things Regarding English-Latin Parts of Speech

  2. Words, words, words… • Both English and Latin divide their language into eight “parts of speech”. • Each part of speech conveys a different kind of idea. • The primary division of the eight parts of speech is between ACTIONS,OBJECTS and words to CONNECT them to each other.

  3. NOMENA/NOUNS • A person, place, thing or idea (OBJECTS) • Exempla in Anglico: Jim, Texas, desk, freedom • Exempla in Latina: Cicero, Brittania, saxum, libertas

  4. PRONOMENA/PRONOUNS • Pronouns are words that stand in for a noun (Pro-noun= “for a noun”) • Exempla in Anglico: I, you, he, we, y’all, they • Exempla in Latina: Ego, tu, is, nos, vos, ii

  5. ADIECTIVA/ADJECTIVES • Words that describe (modify) a person, place, thing or idea. • Exempla in Anglico: Big, blue, crazy, running, underwater-basketweaving • Exempla in Latina: magnus, ingens, perterrita, multum.

  6. VERBA/VERBS • What nouns do (ACTION) • Exempla in Anglico: Run, laugh, hog-wrassle • Exempla in Latina: Amemus, fluit, loquituntur

  7. ADVERBIA/ADVERBS • A word that modifies a verb, adjective or other adverb • Exempla in Anglico: Quietly, patiently, truthfully • Exempla in Latina: Libenter, bene, leniter

  8. PRAEPOSITII/PREPOSITIONS • Words that show the position of a noun or pronoun relative to another noun or pronoun. • “Everything a squirrel can do to a tree” • Exempla in Anglico: To, from, by, under • Exempla in Latina: Ad, ex, a, sub

  9. CONIUNCTII/CONJUNCTIONS • Connect words or groups of words together. • Exempla in Anglico: And, because, either…or • Exempla in Latina: Et, quod, aut…aut

  10. INTERIECTIO/INTERJECTIONS • Express surprise, emotion or attract attention. • Exempla in Anglico: Yikes! Yo! NOOOO! • Exempla in Latina: Eheu! Hercle! Heus! MINIMEEEEE!

  11. Four Rules of Thumb For Latin Grammar • Always check for subject-verb agreement. The object doing the action should match the number of the verb. • Exempla in Anglico: I am a good student (correct); I are a good student (incorrect). • Exempla in Latina: Ego sum discipulus bonus (rectus); Ego est discipulus bonus (non rectus).

  12. Always check for subject-verb agreement. The object doing the action should match the number of the verb. Exempla in Anglico: I am a good student (correct); I are a good student (incorrect). Exempla in Latina: Ego sum discipulus bonus (rectus); Ego est discipulus bonus (non rectus).

  13. Four Rules of Thumb For Latin Grammar • When in doubt about the verb, look to the end of the sentence. 95% of Latin sentences have their verbs at the end of the sentence. The verb is the key to the rest of the sentence, which will help you with translating (a crucial skill). • Ego librum lego: I read the book.

  14. Four Rules of Thumb For Latin Grammar • Latin is an inflected language. This means that the endings of words change to show changes in meaning. Write this down three times in your notes. The sooner you memorize this, the happier you will be.

  15. Four Rules of Thumb For Latin Grammar • When in doubt, the answer is “-um”.

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