How does Stalin take control

1. Stalin is the General Secretary of the Communist Party. • He knows all the important people. • Trotsky is generally unpopular within the Party. Seen as arrogant. • He misses Lenin’s funeral – Big mistake!! • Stalin wants to follow on from Lenin. CIOC and part of NEP. • Trotsky wants to cancel NEP and spread communism quickly. How does Stalin take control • Lenin dies in 1924. • He states in his testament that he prefers Trotsky to succeed him. Stalin’s steps to power: He covers up Lenin’s testament and tricks Trotsky into missing Lenin’s funeral. (1925) Allies with Rightists and has Zinoviev/Kamenev fired. (1927) Switches to Leftists and has Bukharin fired. (1929) • Leftists: Zinoviev/Kamenev Cancel the NEP and spread communism. Dislike Trotsky personally. • Rightists: Bukharin. Continue the NEP, slow change

2. Collectivisation • How: • Forced migrations • Centralised control of farms. • New technology introduced. • Elimination of Kulaks. • Why: • Old style farming. • Not enough food. • NEP is not succeeding. • Need for urbanisation. • Cash crops will help pay for industrialisation. • What: • Rapid industrialisation • Administered by GOSPLAN • What: • Peasants land and resources all joined together. • Called Kolkhoz. Stalin’s Economic Policies • Why: • A belief in modernisation. • It is the basis of communism and need for worker support. • Fear of German aggression. • Successful socialism in one country, then it spreads. • How: • Strict production targets for everyone. • Mass Propaganda. • Huge engineering projects. • Foreign experts used. • Slave labour and the gulags. Industrialisation

3. Why: • Stalin was a notoriously paranoid character. He had no friends. • To ensure application of 5 year plans. • What: • Stalin demands total loyalty and control. • Uses fear and paranoia to ensure loyalty. Stalin’s total control • How: • The Cheka (1922-OGPU and 1934-NKVD) are everywhere and they too have targets. Always seeking victims without fear of false justice. • The Purges: -First one removes all opponents of industry and agriculture plans. • -Second removes all political opponents. Show trials are used (Zinoviev in 1936 and Bikharin in 1938). Army and ethnic groups persecuted. • Gulag system is used – 20 million people are killed.

4. Checklist of things you should know for Russia: • FIVE strengths and SEVEN weaknesses of the Tsar’s Government in 1913 • FIVE causes of the March 1917 Revolution • Events on the SIX days of the March Revolution • SIX problems of the Provisional Government • Events of the Provisional Government, March – November 1917 • THREE days of Bolshevik Revolution, 6–8 November 1917 • SEVEN reasons the Bolsheviks won • SIX characteristics of the Bolsheviks state • THREE causes of the Civil War • SIX reasons the Bolsheviks won • SEVEN events of the Civil War, 1918–1921. • The New Economic Policy [NEP] • How Stalin took power • FOUR reasons Stalin introduced Collectivisation • A timeline of Collectivisation • FOUR reasons Stalin introduced the 5-Year Plans • How the 5-Year Plans industrialised Russia • THREE successes and THREE failures of the 5-Year Plans • Why Stalin started the Purges • FOUR characteristics of Stalin’s Terror • Two results of the Terror