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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Content Theories of Motivation. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. Learning Outcomes. After completing this chapter, the student should be able to understand: The definition of motivation. The difference between content theories and process theories of motivation.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Content Theories of Motivation © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  2. Learning Outcomes After completing this chapter, the student should be able to understand: • The definition of motivation. • The difference between content theories and process theories of motivation. • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and its criticisms. • Alderfer’s ERG Theory • Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and how it relates to job design. • Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristic Model. • McClelland’s 3-Needs Theory © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  3. What is Motivation? Motivation is the psychological process through which unsatisfied needs or wants lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  4. Content vs. Process Theoriesof Motivation • Content theories of motivation explain the specific factors that motivate people and answers the question “what drives behavior?” • Process theories of motivation helps explain how an individual’s behavior is energized, directed, sustained, and stopped. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  6. Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Lack of evidence that workers have a single dominant need. • Lack of evidence that a need diminishes in strength when gratified. • Difficulty explaining individuals who neglect their lower level needs in pursuit of higher level needs (i.e., starving artist). © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  7. Alderfer’s ERG Theory • Existence refers to an individual’s concern with basic material and physiological existence requirements. • Relatedness refers to the need for developing and sustaining interpersonal relationships. • Growth refers to an individual’s intrinsic need to be creative and to make useful and productive contributions, including personal development with opportunities for personal growth. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  8. Alderfer vs. Maslow • Does not require a strict ordering of needs satisfaction. • Accounts for differences in need preferences by individuals. • Frustration-regression principle. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  9. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory People have two sets of needs: • Avoidance of unpleasantness, and • Personal growth. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  10. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  11. Herzberg and Job Design Herzberg promoted the concept that if the work one does is significant, it will ultimately lead to satisfaction with the work itself. Employees will be motivated to do work that they perceive to be significant! © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  12. McClelland’s 3-Needs Theory Three types of motivational needs: • Achievement (n-Ach) • Power (n-Pow) • Affiliation (n-Aff) © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

  13. Comparison of Content Theories of Motivation © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

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