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Pros and Cons of Paper Maps

Pros and Cons of Paper Maps. Pros of Paper Maps Necessary for certain localities, such as distances by road and topographic features, especially when GIS layers are not readily available Extents more readily obtained

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Pros and Cons of Paper Maps

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  1. Pros and Cons of Paper Maps Pros of Paper Maps • Necessary for certain localities, such as distances by road and topographic features, especially when GIS layers are not readily available • Extents more readily obtained • Old paper maps may be the only option for obtaining coordinates for historic localities Cons of Paper Maps • Time-consuming • Good quality paper maps may be hard to find • Map printing errors

  2. Map Anatomy: Map Scale

  3. Map Anatomy: Map Scale • usually recorded as a ratio, such as 1:100,000, or a fraction, such as 1/100:000 • Large scale maps, such as 1:10,000, show finer detail • Small scale maps, such as 1:500,000, show greater areas

  4. Map Anatomy: Map Scale 1:24,000Large Scale Map

  5. Map Anatomy: Map Scale 1:100,000

  6. Map Anatomy: Map Scale 1:250,000

  7. Map Anatomy: Grid

  8. Map Anatomy: Grid • Shows the placement of the parallels and meridians on maps • Used to determine latitude and longitude • Maps with no grid recorded cannot be used to determine coordinates – only to determine extents

  9. Map Anatomy: Grid Map with no grid labeled

  10. Map Anatomy: Datum Map with no grid labeled

  11. Map Anatomy: Datum • If datum is recorded, usually found near the map scale or publisher’s name • Use Horizontal Datum, not Vertical • Occasionally, if no datum is recorded but the reference ellipsoid is, then one can determine the datum using the pdf document found at http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/publications/tr8350.2/wgs84fin.pdf (Use Appendix B)

  12. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps • Paper maps are necessary when gazetteers will not report needed coordinates • Especially useful for distances by roads and topographic features like rivers and mountain ranges • Pay special attention to the grid lines and the hemisphere (latitudes in the southern hemisphere are negative, and longitudes in the western hemisphere are negative)

  13. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps

  14. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps: Latittude

  15. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps: Latitude S

  16. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps: Longitude

  17. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps: Longitude E

  18. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps: Error Calculation

  19. Determining Coordinates from Paper Maps: Determination Reference • For Determination Reference: be sure to include the following: • Map name • Publisher name • Map Scale • Map Date • Example: United States Geological Society (USGS) Topographic Map California, 1956, map scale 1:24,000, map name “Boone”

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