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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. LANs and WANs. Network Classifications LAN Standards Network Devices Clients, Servers, and Peers Physical Topology Network Links Communications Protocols. Network Building Blocks. Network Classifications.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 LANs and WANs

  2. Network Classifications LAN Standards Network Devices Clients, Servers, and Peers Physical Topology Network Links Communications Protocols Network Building Blocks Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  3. Network Classifications Personal Area Network (PAN) – interconnection of personal digital devices Local Area Network (LAN) – usually connects computers in a single building Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – public high-speed network with range of about 50 miles Wide Area Network (WAN) – consists of several smaller networks Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  4. LAN Standards • LAN technologies are standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Project 802 – Local Network Standards • IEEE 802.3 – current standard • ARCnet • Token Ring • FDDI • Ethernet – most common today thru Wi-Fi Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  5. Network Devices Each connection point on a network is referred to as a node To connect to a LAN, a computer requires network circuitry, sometimes referred to as a network interface card (NIC) A networked peripheral, or network-enabled peripheral, is any device that contains network circuitry to directly connect to a network A network device, or network appliance, is any electronic device that broadcasts network data, boosts signals, or routes data to its destination Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  6. Network Devices Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  7. Clients, Servers, and Peers • Network devices can function as clients or as servers • Application server • File server • Print server • Networks that include one or more servers can operate in client/server mode Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  8. Physical Topology • The arrangement of devices in a network is referred to as its physical topology • Star • Ring • Bus • Mesh • Tree • Two similar networks can be connected by a device called a bridge (hardware) • Gateway is a generic term for any device or software code used to join two networks (software) Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  9. Network Links • A communications channel, or link, is a physical path or frequency for signal transmissions • Bandwidth is the transmission capacity of a communications channel • Broadband (cable) • Narrowband (dsl) Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  10. Broadband - Structure Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  11. Communications Protocols • Rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another: • Divide messages into packets • Affix addresses to packets • Initiate transmission • Regulate flow of data • Check for transmission errors • Acknowledge receipt of transmitted data Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  12. A packet is a “parcel” of data that is sent across a computer network Circuit-switching technology vs. packet switching technology Communications Protocols Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  13. Communications Protocols Every packet that travels over a network includes the address of its destination device A MAC address is a unique number assigned to a network interface card when it is manufactured An IP address is a series of numbers used to identify a network device IP addresses can also be obtained through DHCP Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  14. Question • Networks come in many sizes and use many different technologies, yet they all need to communicate with each other. What is the key to network intercommunication? • A. Packet switching • B. Network protocols • C. Network topology • D. Peer-to-peer technology Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  15. Wired Network Basics HomePNA and Powerline Networks Ethernet Ethernet Equipment Ethernet Setup Wired Networks Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  16. Wired Network Basics A wired network uses cables to connect network devices Wired networks are fast, secure, and simple to configure Devices tethered to cables have limited mobility Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  17. HomePNA and Powerline Networks • HomePNA networks utilize existing telephone wiring or coaxial cables to connect network devices • Special NICs and cables are required • A powerline network uses premises electrical wiring to form the infrastructure for a LAN Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  18. Ethernet • Simultaneously broadcasts data packets to all network devices • IEEE 802.3 • CSMA/CD protocol • Vary in speed from 10Mbps to 100Gbps Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  19. Ethernet On an Ethernet, data travels on a first-come, first-served basis. If two workstations attempt to send data at the same time, a collision occurs. That data must be resent. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  20. Ethernet Equipment Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  21. Ethernet Equipment Ethernet adapter (designed to support the Ethernet protocols) Network hub Network switch Network router RJ45 connector Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  22. Ethernet Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  23. Ethernet Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  24. Ethernet Setup Most routers are configured using a browser. You should change the network administrator password, then verify that DHCP is enabled Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  25. Question • Suppose you’re setting up a network in your home or apartment. You want all of the computers to access the cable modem that provides Internet access. What is the one additional component that you should purchase to tie the network together? • A. A router • B. A network interface card • C. A file server • D. A HomePlug Ethernet port Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  26. Wireless Basics Bluetooth Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Equipment Wi-Fi Setup Wireless Networks Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  27. Wireless Basics • A wireless network transports data from one device to another without cables or wires • RF signals(radio frequencies) • Transceiver • Microwaves • Infrared light • Slower than wired networks • Security concerns Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  28. Bluetooth Bluetooth is a short-range, wireless network technology designed to make its own connections between electronic devices, without wires, cables, or any direct action from a user Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  29. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  30. Wi-Fi Wireless networking technologies that are compatible with Ethernet MIMO technology uses two or more antennas to send multiple sets of signals Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  31. Wi-Fi Equipment Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  32. Wi-Fi Equipment If your computer is not pre-equipped with wireless circuitry, you can purchase and install a Wi-Fi adapter Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  33. Wi-Fi Equipment • Wireless network setups • Wireless ad-hoc network • Wireless infrastructure network • Wireless access point • Wireless router Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  34. Wi-Fi Setup Set up the router Connect to the router with a computer Configure the router Access the router setup utility Create a new router password Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  35. Wi-Fi Setup Enter an SSID (service set ID) for the network Activate WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) , WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), or PSK (pre-shared Key) and create an encryption key Set up the wireless workstations Connect an Internet access device Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  36. Wi-Fi Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  37. LAN Advantages and Challenges Sharing Files Sharing Printers LAN Parties Troubleshooting Using LANs Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  38. LAN Advantages and ChallengesPros: LANs enable people to work together Sharing networked software can reduce costs Sharing data on a LAN can increase productivity Sharing networked hardware can reduce costs Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of services and specialized peripheral devices Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  39. LAN Advantages and ChallengesCons: • Resources become unavailable when network malfunctions • Networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access • More vulnerable than standalone computers • Wireless networks can be tapped from a “snooping” computer • Networked computers are susceptible to an increasing number of worms, Trojan horses, and blended threats Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  40. If you use Windows, it automatically detects available LANs any time you turn on a workstation To connect to a shared resource, you might be asked for a user ID and password Sharing Files Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  41. Sharing Files Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  42. Sharing Files Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  43. Sharing Printers • Three setups allow for printer sharing: • Set up printer sharing using a workstation printer • Set up printer sharing using a print server • Install printer with built-in networking Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  44. Sharing Printers You can designate the printer attached to your computer as sharable over the network. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  45. A LAN party is a gathering of people who connect their own computers to a LAN, usually to play multiplayer computer games No special hardware usually is required Game must have multiplayer capability LAN Parties Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  46. Troubleshooting • Network problems can stem from a variety of sources • Cables • Signal strength • Security • Interference • Network devices • Settings Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  47. Question • There are many ways to share files among the computers on a network. Which one of the following is the LEAST secure way to share files? • A. Use a file server. • B. Activate file sharing for the root directory of all the computers in the network. • C. Designate specific folders on your computer as shared. • D. Put files you want to share in the Public folder. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  48. Wi-Fi Security Encryption Security Through Encryption Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  49. Wi-Fi Security Wireless networks are much more susceptible to unauthorized access and use than wired networks LAN jacking, or war driving, is the practice of intercepting wireless signals by cruising through an area Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  50. Wi-Fi Security • Wireless encryption scrambles data transmitted between wireless devices and then unscrambles the data only on devices that have a valid encryption key • WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) • WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) • WPA2 • PSK (Pre-shared Key) • Activate encryption by using a wireless network key Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

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