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Filipino Heritage Language Learners’ Problems. Nenita Pambid Domingo. Filipino Heritage Language Learners’ Problems (Reading,Writing, Speaking). Markers. Cases. Focus. Aspects (conjugation of verbs). Linkers. Word order. Affixation. Pronunciation & Spelling.
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Filipino Heritage Language Learners’ Problems Nenita Pambid Domingo
Filipino Heritage Language Learners’ Problems(Reading,Writing, Speaking) • Markers • Cases • Focus • Aspects (conjugation of verbs) • Linkers • Word order • Affixation • Pronunciation & Spelling
“I get confused over which linker I should use.” ---Heritage Language Learner
2. Filipino has 7 Focuses or Subjects all preceded by Nominative Markers (NM) • Actor Focus (AF) • Object Focus (OF) • Benefactive (BF) • Locative FOCUS (LF) • Directional Focus (DF) • Causative Focus (CF) • Instrumental Focus (IF)
*The preferred word order is ”Niluto ng babae ang manok.” *The
ANGVS.NG The Uses of ANG
ANG is used to mark the subject/topic/focus • of the sentence
ANG is used in an identificational sentence to indicate definiteness.
ANG is used to denote ‘in general’ in a ‘like/dislike’ sentence.
ANG is used in formal writing. In conversation, it • is replaced by ‘yung,’ conversational form of the • demonstrative pronoun iyon meaning “yonder,” far from • both listener and speaker.
NG is used to denote ‘specifically’ in • a ‘like/dislike’ sentence.
In a request sentence indicated by paki,ANG andNGare interchangeable:
Why the Difficulty? • There are no FOCUSES in English according to one student.ANG, the subject marker is mistaken for THE, which in English would be the same article in front of the DIRECT OBJECT. E.g. Mary cooked the chicken. • L1 interferes with the learning of target language. • There are NO MARKERS in English • Possessives are not used as DOERS in English • The word order does not change but the markers do, i.e. PREDICATE DOER OBJECT Nagluto ang babae ng manok. Niluto ng babae ang manok. • As noted in the previous examples, bothANGandNG have several uses and sometimes they are interchangeable. • HL have fossilized notions of the language as opposed to FL who are tabula rasa.
Misuse of MarkersProvokes Laughter Discouraging Heritage Language Learners
Affixes • Compound the problem because there are several affixes used just to make a word an ACTOR FOCUS verb. Um-, mag-, ma-, magpa-, mang-, makapag-, maki-, maka-, magka-, mapa- • There are more affixes used for the passive verbs because this is the normal way of speaking in our language, with the predicate before the subject.
Remedy • Constant repetition and correction • Immersion • Worksheets on these structures • More practice in 4 modalities • Student has to take charge of her/his own learning; the teacher facilitates and guides lwng
References: • Aspillera, Paraluman S. Basic Tagalog for Foreigners and Non-Tagalogs. (Boston, Rutland, Vermont, Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing), 1993. • Ramos, Teresita V. Conversational Tagalog, A Functional-Situational Approach. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press), 1985. • __________& Maria Lourdes S. Bautista. Handbook of Tagalog Verbs Inflections, Modes, and Aspects. (UH), 1986. • Santiago, Alfonso O. at Norma G. Tiangco. Makabagong Balarilang Filipino. (Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store), 1991.