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Unit 11

Unit 11. The Middle East Standard 7-6.3. Unit 11 Key Terms. Balfour Declaration (270) United Nations (250) Gamal Abdel Nasser (272) Suez Crisis of 1956 (272) Six-Day War of 1967 (272) Yom Kippur War of 1973 (273). Palestinian Liberation Organization (273) Yasser Arafat (273)

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Unit 11

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  1. Unit 11 The Middle East Standard 7-6.3

  2. Unit 11 Key Terms • Balfour Declaration (270) • United Nations (250) • Gamal Abdel Nasser (272) • Suez Crisis of 1956 (272) • Six-Day War of 1967 (272) • Yom Kippur War of 1973 (273) • Palestinian Liberation Organization (273) • Yasser Arafat (273) • Anwar Sadat (273-274) • intifada (273) • Camp David Accords (274) • Yitzhak Rabin (274) • Oslo Peace Accords*

  3. The Creation of Israel • Zionism grew in the late 1800s and early 1900s and became worldwide after the Holocaust • the Balfour Declaration (1917) formalized the desire of the British to create a Jewish state • after World War I, the League of Nations made Palestine a British mandate • following World War II, the United Nations and Britain divided Palestine into a Jewish state (Israel) and a Palestinian state (Palestine) with Jerusalem as an international city in May of 1948 • the Palestinians and other Arab nations immediately attacked Israel in 1948 but were defeated in 1949 and Israel gained half of the land belonging to the Palestinians • after the war Egypt acquired the Gaza Strip and Jordan took over the West Bank (see map) • more wars would be fought between the Israelis and the Palestinians in 1956, 1967, and 1973 • Palestinians have yet to achieve their own independent nation

  4. Arab Nationalism and Conflict • Arab nationalism was at the heart of the Palestinian conflict with Israel • Palestinian Arabs did not want to give up their homeland for the creation of a Jewish state • this lead to the outbreak of war in 1948 and would lead to more conflicts in the future

  5. The Suez Crisis • Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser was angry with the British and wanted to rid Egypt of foreign influence • in 1956, Nasser took control of the Suez Canal • Great Britain, France, and Israel attacked and defeated Egypt • however, the United States and the Soviet Union (who supported Nasser) forced Britain and her allies to return captured land and the canal to Egypt

  6. Arafat and the PLO • the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) was formed in 1964 • Yasser Arafat became leader of the PLO in 1969 • its goal was to end Zionism and create a Palestinian state • the group used and still uses terrorist attacks against the people of Israel

  7. The Six-Day War • in 1967, Nasser and other Arab leaders prepared for war against Israel • on June 5, 1967, Israel attacked first, striking Egyptian airfields and destroying the Egyptian air force • Israel also attacked and defeated military forces from Iran, Jordan, and Syria • by June 10, Israel had won control of the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, the Golan Heights, and the Palestinian sections of Jerusalem

  8. The Yom Kippur War • in 1973, Egypt and Syria launched air strikes against Israel on Yom Kippur, a Jewish holiday • the war took Israel by complete surprise • the United Nations mandated a cease-fire, which was really all that stood between the Israelis and total victory

  9. The Camp David Accords • this was the first major peace treaty in the region and was signed by Israel and Egypt in 1978 • Israel returned control of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt and Egypt agreed to recognize Israel as a country • many Arabs were upset by this deal and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat was assassinated in 1981 by radical Muslims

  10. The First Intifada • during 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon and the PLO was forced to relocate to Tunis • this lack of representation of Palestinians lead to the first intifada (uprising) in 1987 • it involved strikes, boycotts, and other forms of non-violent protests while others took to the streets in violent protests • the first intifada lasted from 1987 – 1993 • a second intifada lasted from 2000 – 2006(?)

  11. The Oslo Peace Accords • representatives of Israeli Prime Minister YitzhakRabin and PLO leader Yasser Arafat met in secret in Oslo, Norway in 1993 • the agreement created the Palestinian Authority and gave them self-rule in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip • some in Israel supported the deal and some opposed it • opposition to the agreement lead to the assassination of Rabin in 1995 and peace is still sought after in the region today

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