Recent Advances In Nanotherapeutics from AISSMS College Of Pharmacy

1. RECENT ADVANCES IN NANOTHERAPEUTICS

2. Recent advances in Nanotherapeutics Presented by: AshwiniSonawane M Pharm (SY- Pharmaceutics) Guided by: Dr. Monica RP Rao Department of Pharmaceutics AISSMS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

3. Introduction • Nanotechnology is a dynamic and multi-disciplinary field • Profound impact on drug delivery, diagnostics, nutraceuticals • Tiny particles 5-200 nanometers (nm) • Site specific and targeted drug delivery

4. Types of nanostructures • Self assembled : Liposomes , polymeric micelles • Superparamagnetic nanostructures • Gold nanoparticles • Solid lipid nanoparticles • Polymeric nanoparticles • Aptamers • Quantum dots

6. Liposomes • Artificially constructed vesicles consisting of the phospholipid bilayer. • Ability to trap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. • Liposomal encapsulation of drug and protein shows improved drug efficacy. • E.g. Rifampicin and protein to improve antimicrobial efficiency. • Applications: cardiovascular & neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer. • Many applications in pulmonary drug delivery system.

7. Polymeric micelles • Amphiphilic molecules or copolymers. • Organized core structure in aqueous media above Critical Micelle Concentration. • Ability to entrap hydrophobic drugs • Achieve site-specific delivery and enhance their bioavailability. • Promising drug delivery platform for ocular diseases of posterior segments. • Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. • Applications in gene delivery and diagnostic imaging.

8. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles • Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) consisting of iron oxide core with paramagnetic properties • Guided to target area within our body through external magnets. • Applications from diagnosis to advanced cancer therapy, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, magnetic drug targeting, and theranostics. • Some of the toxicological aspects associated with SPIONs are • Protein aggregation due to iron accumulation, • Oxidative stress, • Altered cellular responses.

9. Gold nanoparticles • Gold core which is typically surrounded by organic monolayer. • Nanostructures such as nanoshells, nanorods, and nanocages • Used for photo thermal ablation of cancer cells with near-infrared light without damaging normal human tissues. • Multifunctional coated gold nanoshells used for examination of head and neck cancers. • Antioxidant properties • Promising candidates for skin immunization and transdermal delivery system.

10. Aptamers • Well-defined, folded, three dimensional structures. • Small single-stranded nucleic acids. • Intracellular, extracellular and cell surface targeting. • Mucin1 (MUC1) aptamer-Dox conjugates for lung cancer targeting • Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) aptamer-doxorubicin conjugates for prostate cancer targeting.

11. Quantum dots • Fluorescent, inorganic, semiconductor nanoparticles • Diameter 2-10 nm. • Carbon dots or C-dots emerging as versatile nanomaterials. • Used to image cancer cells due to superior fluorescent properties. • Chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide quantum dots formulated for tumor targeting.

12. FDA approved nanomedicine

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