1 / 38

Russia Pre-1917- Revolution

Russia Pre-1917- Revolution. History 12 Ms Leslie. Very very beginning. Russia has been around since the 10th century Mostly made up of Ethnic Slavs who went north escaping the Turkish empire These migrating Slavs clashed with Mongolians and Tartars.

MikeCarlo
Download Presentation

Russia Pre-1917- Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. RussiaPre-1917- Revolution History 12 Ms Leslie

  2. Very very beginning • Russia has been around since the 10th century • Mostly made up of Ethnic Slavs who went north escaping the Turkish empire • These migrating Slavs clashed with Mongolians and Tartars

  3. 15th century - Grand Duchy of Moscow established = creation of a strong Tsardom or Czardom • The first Tsars were the likes of Ivan the terrible and Ivan the Great • Took a lot of territory from the Tartars, Kazans and Crimeans

  4. Imperial Russia17-19th Century • A great time for Russia • Grew culturally and territorially • Rulers = Peter the great and Catherine the Great

  5. The people were mostly illiterate farmers • Feudal system • Czar Alexander II abolished slavery in 1861 • Factories had horrid working conditions • Alex II assassinated in 1881 and replaced by this son

  6. Alexander III 1881-1894 • Authorities shifted attention from the failings of the government by creating scapegoats and encouraging pogroms • Pogroms -

  7. Was physically intimidating - a body builder to make up for his 5’6” height • Died of kidney failure from trauma from a train accident

  8. Nicolas II • Started his reign in 1894 • Autocratic and ineffective • Romanov family very wealthy • Population of 165 million • Secret police (OKHRANA) • Censorship of the press • Czar’s word was law

  9. Despite this, the people loved Nicolas II • Believed he was appointed by God • Kept pictures of him in their homes and worshipped him • Related to heads of Greece, UK, Denmark, Germany

  10. What was Nicholas II like? • Not very smart • Easily manipulated by his advisors • Relied on • His son, • His allowed Rasputin to gain dangerous control of the government.

  11. Population of the 1910’s • 1910- • 1914 - • Only 40% • 80% • Life expectancy = 40 years • Well educated middle class - had the most books per capital in 1913

  12. Most lived on communal farms called Obschina or Mir. • The Obschina organized taxes and allotted land to households • Peasants could not • Punishment = • Agricultural reforms had not caught on eg crop rotation

  13. famine • Lots of famines • 1891 - famine +cholera + typhus = 400,000 dead • 1890 - 64% of conscripts declared unfit to serve

  14. Revolutionary movement • Nihilists – • Populists – • Marxists - • Liberals -

  15. Problems with Industrialization • Far behind rest of Europe • Because of late start industry was modern and they lacked skilled workers • Relied heavily of foreign loans and taxes for growth • France owned 2/3rd • Germany owned • Britain owned

  16. Biggest problem - massive, abused proletariat

  17. Industry • 5th • Average hard labour work day • Child labour common. Start age 4 • Kids worked in cotton mills. Injuries common, rickets, cotton lung • Unions Banned

  18. Labour Problems • Industrial workers small in number • Exploited • Demanded • Started to demand

  19. Peasant Problem • 3/4 of the population • Although no longer serfs, still had a separate administration and courts • Illiterate and superstitious • Excessively taxed - main source of tsarist revenue.

  20. 1896 the people had enough and rioted in St Petersburg • 1902 street demonstrations • 1901-1907 arson in rural areas common • 1904 a social revolutionary assassinated the minister of the interior

  21. 1905 Revolution causes • - • - • - • -

  22. 5. 6. Liberals organized the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadet). Wanted democratic reform 7.

  23. Bolsheviks (Majority) – • Mensheviks (minority) -

  24. 1905 Rebellion/Revolution • Jan 22/Jan 9 • Workers under the leadership of Father Gapon marched on the Winter Palace • Wanted:

  25. Bloody Sunday

  26. Result • Showed tsar’s incompetence • Tsarist supporters changed their minds • creation of the ‘Shildlovski Commission’

  27. Oct 1905 • Oct 20-30 – • First soviet formed in St Petersburg • Soviet (council) =

  28. The Tsar responded with the October Manifesto promising: • Extremists not appeased, but moderates happy and a full revolution didn’t happen

  29. The Duma Russian Parliament

  30. Long term impact 1905 • Tsar used him powers to arrest and harrass opposition • 1906-07, 4,400 deaths due to terrorism • Catch 22 -

  31. Marxism • Came to Russia in the 1880s • Lenin knew revolution would happen in Russia first as it was the weakest capitalist state (contrary to Marxism) • 1903 the Russian Marxist movement split in two

  32. Bolsheviks • Professional revolutionaries • Majority

  33. Mensheviks • Moderate • Feared Lenin would become a dictator • Minority

  34. WWI and the revolutionary movement • Bolsheviks opposed the war from the start • Lenin exiled in Zurich, Switz. • Most Bolsheviks banished to Siberia

  35. Home front • War meant more food shortages • 1914 • 1915 • This left the Tsarina in charge - she let Rasputin make decisions…

  36. War stats • 15.5 million man army • 1.65 million died • 3.85 million wounded • 2.41 million POWs • 1917 1.5 million deserted • Lack of medical attention • Not enough equipment for soldiers. 1 in 3 didn’t have a gun

  37. Beginning of the collapse • 1917- • Little transportation • February - • Police joined rioters and a general strike formed

  38. Army called in and they shot the rioters • Fear of civil war causes Czar to resign and the provisional government is formed • But more on all that later • The end

More Related