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Prematurity

DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY. STILLBIRTH: Infant expelled from birth canal at or after 24weeks of pregnancy who shows no signs of life and has no heartbeat. GESTATIONAL AGE:This is calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period to the date of birth ,and is expressed in co

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Prematurity

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    1. Prematurity WADAH KHRIESAT

    2. DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY STILLBIRTH: Infant expelled from birth canal at or after 24weeks of pregnancy who shows no signs of life and has no heartbeat. GESTATIONAL AGE: This is calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period to the date of birth ,and is expressed in completed weeks.

    3. TERM DELIVERY : Occurs when the infant is born at or after 37 and before 42 weeks gestation. PRETERM DELIVERY : Occurs if the infant is born after less than 37 weeks gestation ( 6-7% )

    4. POST-TERM DELIVERY: For infant born after 42 completed weeks (3%) LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (LBW): Refers to any infant who weights less than 2500g at birth (6%). These infants are either born too early or have grown inadequately in the uterus and are classed as SGA.

    5. VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (VLBW) : Those who weight less than 1500g at birth (1-1.5%). EXTREMELY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (ELBW): Those who weight less than 1000g at birth (0.7%)

    6. SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA) : The assessment of the baby depends on accurate assessment o gestational age and plotting of weight on an appropriate growth charts. There is no consensus on the definition of SGA which varies from less than the 10 th ,5th or 3rd percentiles or more than 2 standard deviation below the mean birth weight.

    7. PREMATURITY SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF THE PRETERM INFANT : 1- Birth asphyxia 2- Thermal instability. 3- Lack of primitive survival reflexes: suck ,swallow and gag. 4- Jaundice.

    8. 5- Pulmonary diseases : RDS , Apnea , pneumothorax, pneumonia and CLD. 6- Metabolic disturbances :hypoglycemia, hypocalcaemia . 7- PDA 8- Neurological problems : IVH,PVL 9- Susceptibility to infection.

    9. 10- GI and NEC. 11- Ophthalmic problems : ROP ,Myopia 12- Hematological problems . 13- Renal problems.

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