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Propaganda

Learn about the various techniques used in propagandist messaging to sway opinions on causes, positions, and individuals. Discover how propaganda uses assertion, bandwagon, plain folks, snob appeal, card stacking, name-calling, glittering generalities, testimonials, transfer, pinpointing the enemy, false dilemma, the lesser of two evils, patriotism/civic duty, sympathy and generosity, dehumanization, and additional types. Examine how these tactics are used in straightforward ads, special offers, eye appeal, happy family appeal, symbols, something new, humble approach, statistics, ecology/public service appeal, sex appeal, humor, and smoke screens.

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Propaganda

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  1. Propaganda A type of persuasion that attempts to sway the audience for or against a specific cause, position, or individual.

  2. Assertion • Stating a debatable idea as a fact, with no qualification or explanation “Europe’s Victory is your prosperity”

  3. Bandwagon • Everybody’s in favor of it; join the crowd

  4. Plain Folks • The users of this product or proponents of this course of action are simple down-to-earth people like you and me.

  5. Snob Appeal • Only the richest, most important, or most discerning people like this idea or product.

  6. Card Stacking • Distorting or omitting facts; telling half truths • Mac vs. PC

  7. Name-calling • Stereotyping ideas or people with a bad label

  8. Glittering Generalities • Using “good” labels, such as democratic, patriotic, amazing, beautiful, and exciting that are unsupported by facts.

  9. Testimonials • Seeking support for an idea or product by having it endorsed by a famous person such as a sports figure or movie star.

  10. Transfer • “association” or “false connection” • Transfer feelings and associations from one idea, symbol, or person to another.

  11. Pinpointing the enemy (scapegoat) • Oversimplify complex problems by pointing out a single cause/enemy who can be blamed.

  12. False Dilemma • Reducing an issue to only a few choices where only one choice is obvious

  13. Lesser of the Two Evils • Type of “false dilemma” with two bad alternatives offered. Used to convince people who are hesitant to accept

  14. Patriotism/ Civic Duty • Concern for welfare of others and the good of the community (cause greater than self)

  15. Sympathy and Generosity

  16. Dehumanization “does the same soul, the same living spirit dwell in these different bodies”-- Nazi Propaganda

  17. Additional Types • Straightforward ads • Special offer • Eye Appeal • Happy Family Appeal • Symbols • Something New! • Humble Approach

  18. Additional Types, etc. • Statistics • Ecology/Public service appeal • Sex appeal • Humor • Smoke screen

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