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Factors that affect DEPOSITION

Factors that affect DEPOSITION. Particle Size: smaller = slower Particle Shape: more surface area = slower Particle Density: similar size, >D = faster . Sorting of Sediments. Vertical Sorting:

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Factors that affect DEPOSITION

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  1. Factors that affect DEPOSITION • Particle Size: smaller = slower • Particle Shape: more surface area = slower • Particle Density: similar size, >D = faster 

  2. Sorting of Sediments • Vertical Sorting: • the roundest, largest, and densest particles settle at the bottom of a layer, while flatter, smaller, less dense particles settle on the top (landslide, underwater landslides)

  3. Verticle Sorting (a GRADED BED) Decreasing size Decreasing size

  4. HORIZONTAL SORTING Stream enters a large body of water, the velocity decreases and deposition occurs Larger sediments are deposited first Delta may form

  5. Development of Cross-Bedding • River or Ocean Currents change direction • Sand Dunes – Wind changes direction

  6. f05_18a_pg92

  7. Windward side Leeward side

  8. Drainage Patterns of Watersheds • Dendritic • Radial • Rectangular • Trellis

  9. Drainage Patterns of Watersheds • Dendritic • Radial • Rectangular • Trellis

  10. Drainage Patterns of Watersheds • Dendritic • Radial • Rectangular • Trellis

  11. Drainage Patterns of Watersheds • Dendritic • Radial • Rectangular • Trellis

  12. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE condensation precipitation transpiration evaporation runoff infiltration Water table Stream, spring, lake, or ocean aquifer Groundwater flow

  13. GROUND WATER Groundwater is always moving --but very slowly

  14. 3 FACTORS AFFECT INFILTRATION • PERMEABILITY – ABILITY OF WATER TO FLOW (IMPERMEABLE – NO WATER CAN FLOW THROUGH) • POROSITY – PORE SPACES BETWEEN SEDIMENTS • CAPILLARITY – THE ABILITY OF WATER TO MOVE UPWARD IN SOIL

  15. Permeability – larger size BETTER • small – impermeable • (cannot flow through) • Porosity – size has NO EFFECT • Shape – round best • Packing – loosely packed or less dense • Sorting – well sorted • Capillarity – smaller size sediment - BETTER

  16. PERMEABILITY

  17. Clay is impermeable – water will not flow through easily

  18. CAPILLARITY – WATER MOVES UPWARD • SMALLER SIZED PARTICLES INCREASE CAPILLARITY

  19. Infiltration rate Infiltration rate Permeability Slope Porosity Infiltration rate Soil Storage Saturation INFILTRATION Infiltration refers to water soaking into the ground: Infiltration rate

  20. GROUND WATER - Aquifer • WATER INFILTRATES • STOPS AT IMPERMEABLE LAYER • RISES FROM BOTTOM UP – (LIKE FILLING A BATH TUB) THIS IS CALLED GROUNDWATER AKA – SATURATED ZONE AKA - AQUIFER • TOP OF SATURATED ZONE IS THE WATER TABLE • UNSATURATED ZONE – AIR AND WATER • CAPILLARY FRINGE – WATER RISES TO FEED ROOTS

  21. WATER TABLE RISES WITH RAINFALL FALLS WITH DROUGHT

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