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CIVIL WAR

CIVIL WAR. 2 Plans. The North and the “ANACONDA PLAN” Developed by General Winfield Scott (Hero of the Mexican War) Choke the Confederacy -Used blockades to keep the South from exporting cotton or importing supplies

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CIVIL WAR

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  1. CIVIL WAR

  2. 2 Plans • The North and the “ANACONDA PLAN” • Developed by General Winfield Scott (Hero of the Mexican War) • Choke the Confederacy -Used blockades to keep the South from exporting cotton or importing supplies • Used troops and gunboats to gain control of the Mississippi River, thus cutting the Confederacy in half • Capture Richmond Virginia • Lincoln ordered a naval blockade of seceded states

  3. The South and the “WAR OF ATTRITION” • Prepare and wait • Wear them down slowly • Stopped producing cotton so France and Britain would jump in on the side of the South • Plan did not work – France and Britain got cotton from Egypt

  4. Commanders • Ulysses S. Grant, a West Point graduate, appointed General by Lincoln • William Sherman • Robert E. Lee commanded Confederate Army • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • James Longstreet • John B. Hood

  5. 1st Battle, Bull Run / Manassas (July, 1861) • First Battle of Bull Run (July, 1861) • Union army unprepared and poorly organized • Confederate victory

  6. Shiloh (April, 1862) • Union victory • North captured all but 2 ports on the Mississippi • Port Hudson • Vicksburg

  7. Antietam (Sept. 1862) • Union victory • Bloodiest single day: 26,000 casualties

  8. Chancellorsville (April 1863) • Confederate victory • Stonewall Jackson shot in the arm

  9. Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) • Lee sought to defeat Union on Northern soil • Battle lasted three days • Union victory • TURNING POINT OF THE WAR • Gettysburg Address • Lincoln explained meaning of Civil War • Redefined meaning of the United States • Promised a “new birth” of freedom

  10. Vicksburg (April-July, 1863) • Grant attacked • Promoted a SEIGE • Surround enemy • Starve enemy until they surrender • Union victory

  11. Atlanta (July-December, 1864) • “March to the Sea” campaign • Sherman laid siege to Atlanta • When the Confederates retreated, Sherman burned Atlanta • Sherman continued to Savannah, destroying bridges, factories, railroads, livestock • Continued destruction into South Carolina

  12. Appomattox (April, 1865) • Union victory • Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox courthouse

  13. Other Issues • Technology… weapons made more deadly and accurate • Andersonville • Notorious prison camp in Georgia • Built for 10,000 men • Held 35,000 men on 26 acres • 100+ men died each day

  14. The Emancipation Proclamation (January, 1863) • Lincoln resisted making the abolition of slaves a Union goal • He opposed slavery, but did not think he had the legal authority to end it • Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to end slavery and make southerners have to work rather than fight • The Emancipation Proclamation officially made the abolition of slavery a Union goal (No longer interested in just preserving Union)

  15. 13th Amendment passed (December, 1865) • Passed by Lincoln and Congress • Ended Slavery

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