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Kingdom Protista : The Protozoans

Kingdom Protista : The Protozoans. Protozoan - A complete organism in which all life activities are carried on within a single plasma membrane. Zoologists recognize between 7-45 phyla of protists . *Zoologists who specialize in the study of protoza are called proto-zoologists .

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Kingdom Protista : The Protozoans

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  1. Kingdom Protista: The Protozoans Protozoan- A complete organism in which all life activities are carried on within a single plasma membrane. Zoologists recognize between 7-45 phyla of protists. *Zoologists who specialize in the study of protoza are called proto-zoologists. They feed 1 of 2 ways: Autotrophic- Produce their own food. Heterotrophic- Feed on other organisms.

  2. Protozoans are free living or symbiotic. Symbiosis- intimate association between 2 organisms • 3 types of symbiosis: • Parasitism- One organism lives in/on another (host) causing harm • Commensalism- One member benefits the other not benefited or harmed in the relationship. • Mutualism- Both members benefit in the relationship.

  3. Protozoans are classified by their type of movement. • 4 types of movement: 1) By flagella (1 or more flagella) 2) By pseudopods/pseudopodia 3) By cilia 4) No movement

  4. Flagellated Protozoans • 2 groups: • Photoflagellated (plant-like) *An important food and oxygen resource to aquatic environments! • Phylum Dinozoa/Dinoflagellata= Marine photoflagellates (Ex. Gymodinium- cause toxic blooms; “red tide”) • Phylum Euglenozoa= Freshwater (Ex. Euglena- common in pond water)

  5. http://shiftingbaselines.org/blog/team_redtide.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/ROCKwater/PLANKTON/redtide.jpg&imgrefurl=http://drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/ROCKwater/PLANKTON/Red%2520Tide.htm&usg=__tFXMfVZxV50yAOsqZevAg-wMQkA=&h=365&w=272&sz=22&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=xCmGQ81VqlMkbM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dred%2Bsea%2Bred%2Btide%26hl%3Den%26um%3D1

  6. Zooflagellated (animal-like) • Phylum Euglenozoa • (Ex. Trypanosoma- human parasite; causes African Sleeping Sickness; carried by Tsetse flies) http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/images/africa1.jpg http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Info/Press/gfx/050714_tsetse_300.jpg

  7. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no1/images/01-0130bt.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no1/01-0130.htm&usg=__cG-zYUcmLBT5dbZNeXHDxSfDge0=&h=112&w=150&sz=4&hl=en&start=55&um=1&tbnid=WAL3tpnaiCK_TM:&tbnh=72&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrypanosomiasis%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no1/images/01-0130bt.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no1/01-0130.htm&usg=__cG-zYUcmLBT5dbZNeXHDxSfDge0=&h=112&w=150&sz=4&hl=en&start=55&um=1&tbnid=WAL3tpnaiCK_TM:&tbnh=72&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrypanosomiasis%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40%26um%3D1 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/sleep8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/blood-proto.htm&usg=__f_pSB3sS_RW07LKQ70PNbJh-rnk=&h=593&w=400&sz=31&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=adoCT3AhOC8imM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrypanosomiasis%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1 http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/sleep8.jpg

  8. Amoeboid Protozoans • Move by pseudopodia (“false feet”) • Also use “feet” to capture/engulf food = phagocytosis • Some have a test (shell) for protection; usually made of calcium carbonate, protein, or silica • Most familiar groups are RhizopodansandForaminiferans [Ex. Amoeba proteus(no test); Arcella(test)] *Some cause dysentery (intestine disorder) in Humans (usually from unsanitary living conditions)

  9. http://leavingbio.net/Amoeba/Amoeba_files/image004.jpg Amoeba proteus Arcella http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgsep01/arcella2.jpg

  10. Phylum Apicomplexa • Non-Motile (except for certain reproductive stages) • ALL Parasitic! • Ex. Plasmodium- Causes Malaria (dates back to 1550 B.C.- over 100 million people infected each year!) • Host=Vertebrates (humans) & mosquito • Ex. Toxoplasma- Causes toxoplasmosis (if passed to fetus, may result in stillbirth or mental retardation) • Host= Mammals (Humans) & cats

  11. http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/28-13-PlasmodiumLifeHist-L.jpghttp://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/28-13-PlasmodiumLifeHist-L.jpg

  12. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/17186.jpghttp://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/17186.jpg When a pregnant ewe becomes infected with toxoplasmosis, she usually suffers an early abortion – it is the major cause of abortions in sheep in New Zealand. The disease is caused by a protozoan organism that is mainly a parasite of cats but also needs another species such as a sheep or mouse to complete its life cycle. This photograph shows the effect of the disease on several pairs of twin lambs – one of each pair is relatively normal and the other is smaller and mummified. http://www.teara.govt.nz/files/p17438mu.jpg

  13. Phylum Ciliophora: The Ciliates • Most complex of all protozoans • Cilia for locomotion • Mouth structure (oral groove in Paramecium) • Reproduce asexually (binary fission) and sexually (conjugation) • 2 nuclei • Macro nucleus= Larger of 2; carries out daily metabolism/metabolic activities • Micronucleus= smaller of 2; holds genetic info

  14. http://www.bergen.edu/faculty/rdill/paramecium.jpg • Ex. Paramecium; Didinium *B. Coli=parasite to humans http://www.microscope-microscope.org/applications/pond-critters/protozoans/images/didinium1.jpg http://www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/allen/ch13/mimg/00-didm.jpg http://131.229.114.77/sumsci/par.gif

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