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The Legacy of The Welfare State

-The Legacy of the Welfare State (Chapter 2) - Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness (Chapter 3). The Legacy of The Welfare State. A Creation Story. The Legacy of the U.S. Welfare State. How Did it Come To Be?

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The Legacy of The Welfare State

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  1. -The Legacy of the Welfare State (Chapter 2)- Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness (Chapter 3)

  2. The Legacy of The Welfare State A Creation Story

  3. The Legacy of the U.S. Welfare State • How Did it Come To Be? • This is necessary to understanding today’s structures, we will give serious consideration to this on Group presentation Days. (Jansson History Days) Poverty Take it from Me Video Clip 2 min • One Word Description of its historical legacy: • Reluctant • the Jansson text illustrates this point well: sociologically and thoroughly

  4. Understanding Where Colonists Came From • Poverty in 1500’s England • Noblesse Oblige • Catholics: tradition of sharing wealth • Protestants: giving as a moral duty • Most charity in 1600’s and earlier from private philanthropies and religious institutions http://www.bl.uk/whatson/exhibitions/trading/world4.htm l

  5. Inheriting European Policies • Elizabethan Poor Law Act of 1601 • England consolidated laws assigning welfare roles to local parishes • when parishes can’t meet need, counties required to assume responsibility • Gvt thus becomes chief enforcer of poor relief, supplanting the Church of England • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11) http://www.bl.uk/whatson/exhibitions/trading/world4.htm l Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603). Queen of England and Ireland. Two Forms Of Aid…

  6. Outdoor relief: aid to persons in their homes, cash or in-kind http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v035/35.3mcintosh.html

  7. Indoor relief: • aid to persons on condition of being in institutions, • almshouses/poorhouses/workhouses or required to be indentured servants or apprentices much more punitive http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v035/35.3mcintosh.html

  8. Depiction of 1837 Poor Laws Workhouse http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot08/snapshot8.htm

  9. Economic Change Prompts WS Change • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11) • Hunter Gatherer --> Agrarian --> Industrialization • Urbanization • loss of family/local community economic support. • workers consequently exposed to a variety of hazards • illness • unemployment or injury on the job • Also extremes of life phases (i.e. before and after market employment) need caregiving • Childhood and old age • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11)

  10. Economic Change Prompts WS Change • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11) • These problems (work hazards & ages of non-productivity and need for care): • previously perceived as family and community responsibilities. • require protections as substitutes for the family/community goods and services available in simpler times. • Historically varied attempts to satisfy these new needs. • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11)

  11. Varying Responses to Modernization’s Social Welfare Needs Trade unions to protect members by winning benefits through collective bargaining Private Charity Foundationsand Benevolent Societies Mutual Benefit Societies to protect members thru insurance plans Traditional American individualism and self- Reliance Government action, including swps, in response to popular demand URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION MODERNIZATION • Source: Katz MSU

  12. http://www.fathermcgivney.org/mcg/index.cfm Founded 1882 Back http://www.kofc.org/about/history/founder/index.cfm

  13. Back • Video Clip St. Vincent DePaul Angela’s Ashes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zLpf1XDNko http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0145653/

  14. Progressive Era Notice Outgroups: Who are they? How do these different groups interact and where is social welfare present in this excerpt from “Gangs of New York”? 1846/62 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idp7fLSo-nE Boy released from Hellgate-through “ I would shoot each one of them before setting foot on soil” Multiple Race/Ethnic Groups and Different Economy- some of many reasons for differences between England and US

  15. Triangular Passage Source: http://www.juneteenth.com/mp2.htm

  16. Slave Shipshttp://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/immigration/laws.htm

  17. Slave Trade • Triangular trade system - named because the ships embarked from European ports, stopped in Africa to gather the captives, after which they set out for the New World to deliver their human cargo, and then returned to the port of origin. (like a triangle) • The Middle Passage was that leg of the slave triangle that brought the human cargo from West Africa to North America, South America, and the Caribbean.

  18. Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness Chapter 3

  19. Now that We’ve established that the Colonists were going to be different, and that they needed to adjust to industrialization, the question was how:The Most Eventful Debate is part of the Federalist Papers..

  20. http://www.pbs.org/jefferson/ http://www.hamiltonlives.com/ Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton The Constitution • The Federalist Papers • Strong Executive Branch • Centralized Gvt • Efficient • Elitist • Strong People • Decentralized • Egalitarian • Democratic Video: Alexander Hamilton takes Jefferson to school http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=notJuFGXQ9w&feature=related

  21. Who Won? • Washington Usually Sided with Hamilton • 1800, Jefferson narrowly defeated Adams for president • Jefferson served 2 terms • With few exceptions all 19th century presidents (1800’s) subscribed to Jefferson’s view of limited government. • ** Strong defense of the federal government’s role in social welfare is relatively recent in America’s history. • If Hamilton and the Federalists had dominated, we might have a very different welfare system, federal centralization might have occurred much earlier than the new deal.

  22. What Happened to Hamilton? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/ Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irjgdXxmCw0 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/peopleevents/pande17.html

  23. This trickled through the following periods… • Explains why Federal Social Security and Means Tested wasn’t enacted until 1935. • Currently moving to reverse this trend, from federal back to the states, will see this with TANF. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  24. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  25. Progressive Era Policy Changes Over Time

  26. Progressive Era Policy Changes Over Time

  27. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  28. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  29. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  30. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  31. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  32. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  33. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  34. Starobin • Nanny State= • social justice concern • Daddy State= • public order concern • Minimal State= • do as little as possible.

  35. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf

  36. Quadagno Quadagno Presidential Address

  37. The following slides are for your interest only, not part of class notes.

  38. Benjamin Rush • Philadelphia Physician • Committee of Inspection and Observation • to implement measures passed at the Continental Congress 1774 • advocated need to develop public education system • advocated temperance, lead to American Temperance Movement • Crusade Against Slavery

  39. Additional Information, FYI

  40. Understanding Where Colonists Came From:The Constitution • John Locke (1600’s) (limited gvt, free speech, secularism, optimism, science, use of reason to discover natural laws -English Enlightenment) • gvt did not exist in the “state of nature” • instead, citizens developed a “contract” for a limited gvt when they discovered some people attacked and robbed others • citizens constructed gvt to preserve law and order • to avoid despots, checks and balances

  41. Understanding Where Colonists Came From:The Constitution • Adam Smith • questioned excessive governmental intrusion into private matters • Voltaire • opposed state religions

  42. Precursors to a Reluctant Welfare State • Cultural themes: • emphasis on individualism • limited gvt • Political themes: • lack of large class of landless people • subjugation of people of color • so little pressure to redistribute land or resources

  43. Precursors to a Reluctant Welfare State • Institutional themes: • weak centralized government • relatively weak local jurisdictions

  44. Review Activity: For each time period, indicate the Stage of the US Welfare State

  45. US Welfare State _____________ _____________ _____________ Source:Kendall

  46. US Welfare State _____________ _____________ Source:Kendall

  47. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf • Source for Century Info

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