Understanding Various Animal Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Structures and Functions

1. Understanding Various Animal Skeletal,Muscular, and Nervous Structuresand Functions

2. Animal Skeletal Structures

3. Bell • Which organ systems do you think are most necessary for the horse to create bodily movement?

4. Learning Target • I can identify the structures and functions of the skeletal system.

5. Skeletal System • Provides a framework for the body and protects internal organs. • In combination with the muscular system provides for bodily motion. • Stores minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, and the bone marrow is the site of blood cell formation. • In mammals the system consists of bones, cartilage, teeth, and joints.

6. Bones • Composed of calcium and small amounts of other minerals. • They are living structures that grow and are able of repairing themselves if damaged. • Animal nutrition is vital to bone health. • Bones are classified by shape as long, short, flat, and irregular.

7. Long Bones • Long bones are cylindrical in shape. They are found in the limbs and typically support body weight and act as levers.

8. Large Bones

9. Short bones • Short bones are nearly equal in length and width. Short bones are found in the knee and hock and help to absorb the shock of impact.

10. Flat Bones • Flat bones are typically thinner than most other bones. • Flat bones such as the ribs, scapula, and some bones in the skull, surround and protect vital organs.

11. Flat bones

12. Irregular Bones • Irregular bones have a variety of shapes and sizes. • Vertebrae and some bones in the skull are examples of irregular bones.

13. Irregular--

14. Flat bone----- ----Irregular bone Flat bone----- Long bone-------- -----Short bone

15. Joints • A joint, or articulation, is the union of bone or cartilage. • Joints are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. • The classification of joints is based on joint structure and movability.

16. Fibrous Joints • Include those united by connective tissue or fused bone. • Fibrous joints typically do not permit any type of movement and include the bones of the skull.

17. Cartilaginous Joints • Those that include a pad of cartilage that divide and cushion vertebrae and allow only slight movement.

18. Synovial joints • Freely movable joints in which the bones are held together at the joints by ligaments. • Types of synovial joints include ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, and gliding.