1 / 79

CELLS

Learn about the fundamental principles of cell theory, the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke, the different types of cells, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the structure and functions of cell membranes, the movement of molecules across membranes, and the importance of organelles in cellular processes.

blackmer
Download Presentation

CELLS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 1 CELLS

  2. 2 Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells • Cells are the basic unit in living things • All cells come from other cells

  3. 3 Robert Hooke-1665 • The first to see cells. • He saw cork Cells. • First to use the word cells.

  4. 4 • Robert Hooke built this microscope in the 17th century for research. • He discovered the cell structure of plants by observing a thin slice of cork under his microscope.

  5. 5 Schwann 1839 *Concluded that all animals are made up of cells

  6. 6 Schleiden 1839 Concluded that all plants are made up of cells

  7. 8 Two basic Types of Cells Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic

  8. DO HAVE Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA DO NOT HAVE Nucleus 9 Prokaryotic Cells • All single celled organisms. • They still carry out all of life’s functions! • Clip Example: Bacteria

  9. 10 Eukaryotic Cells • Have organelles. • Unicellular or multicellular • Examples: animals, plants, fungi, protists • Discovery Channel Eukaryotic Cells • Harvard Video Inner Cell

  10. 11

  11. Endosymbiosis

  12. 12 Basic Cell Structure • Cells come in many different shapes and sizes. • Like bricks in a building, cells make up all living things • Discovery Channel Intro to Cells

  13. 13 Basic Cell StructureThe Cell Membrane • The outside of all cells are surrounded by a membrane made of phospholipids. • Nickname: “The gatekeeper”

  14. 14 Membrane Structure • There are proteins “stuck” in the membrane that help get things into and out of the cells. • They also help to get messages into the cell.

  15. 15 Proteins in Membrane

  16. 16 The Membrane is a lipid bilayer.

  17. Cell Membrane • Selective Permeability –membrane’s ability to allow small molecules through and keeps larger molecules out. Helps maintain HOMEOSTASIS

  18. 49 How do molecules get into and out of a cell?

  19. 50 • Movement of molecules from higher concentration tolower concentration • Always higher to lower! • No energy required! Diffusion

  20. 51 Osmosis:Diffusion of water through a cell membrane

  21. 52

  22. Solutions • Higher concentration of solutes = hypertonic. • Lower concentration of solutes is hypotonic. • Equal solute concentrations are isotonic.

  23. 63 3 types of Solutions

  24. What types of solution? Hypertonic Or Hypotonic

  25. 53 Transport through the membrane Two types • Facilitated Diffusion • EnergyNOT required • Active Transport • Energyrequired

  26. 54 Facilitated Diffusion Energy is NOT required to move substances across the membrane. Protein

  27. 55 Facilitated Diffusion Glucose molecules High Concentration Protein channel Cell Membrane bilayer Low Concentration

  28. 56 Active Transport • Energy is required. • Need ATP • Low to high

  29. 57 Compare/ Contrast Passive Transport Active Transport

  30. 58 Other ways to get molecules into and out of a cell Some molecules are too large to get through the membrane. Website • Endocytosis • Into • Exocytosis • Out of

  31. ENDOCYTOSIS 59

  32. 60

  33. 61

  34. 62 Inside of the cell Outside of the cell Exocytosis

  35. solutions

  36. Plasmolysis

  37. 17 Plant cells also have a cell wall outside of the cell membrane.

  38. 18 • Cell walls can also be found in fungi and bacteria. • The cell wall provides support and protection for these cells. • In plants, the cell wall is made of the carbohydrate cellulose.

  39. 19 Inside of the cellThe Cytoplasm The cytoplasm contains all of the organelles.

  40. Cells are filled with organelles that each do something to keep the cell alive. • The jelly-like insides of a cell is called cytoplasm.

  41. 21 Organelles in the Cytoplasm • Each organelle has a specific function so that the cell can do its job. • Each organelle has its own job! • Remember: ONLY EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE ORGANELLES!!!!

  42. 22 What an organelle? • Organelle mean “tiny organ.” • Organelles function together to help the cell carry out all of life’s activities!!

  43. Organelles of the Cell

  44. 24 Nucleus-The Control Center • The Brain • Contains the DNA • DNA controls which proteins get made-and when! • Where ribosomes are made

  45. 25 • The nucleus has a phospholipid bilayer around it. • The nuclear pores allow substances to move into and out of the nucleus. • The DNA NEVER leaves the nucleus.

More Related