Prepared by: Logan Weston Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Hydraulic Pump: Positive Displacement -Actuator Prepared by: Logan Weston Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E:ice.fisher22@yahoo.com; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) 3/11/2010

2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application (application notes) • Major specifications • Limitations • And many more relevant issues in applications (such as, how to choose, cost information, where to buy etc.) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list • Pumpschool.com • http://www.pumpschool.com/index.htm • Hydraulics and Pneumatics: Serving Fluid Power and Motion Control Engineers Worldwide. • http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/200/FPE/IndexPage.aspx • Hydraulic Supermarket.com • http://www.hydraulicsupermarket.com/technical9.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. Reference List Cont. • Wikipedia References • Gear pump • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_pump • Hydraulic motor • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_motor • Hydraulic pump • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump • Lobe pump • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe_pump ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc) • Grainger • http://www.grainger.com/Grainger/hydraulic-gear-pumps/pumps/hydraulics/ecatalog/N-9db?op=search • Parker • http://www.parker.com/portal/site/PARKER/menuitem.75b3c0354ff8851afa93ebde76108a0c/?vgnextoid=0fe3d1bea018f010VgnVCM10000032a71dacRCRD ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Major applications • Move liquefied food products • IE: put the food under pressure for canning purposes • Move light and heavy oil products • These oil products can be transported in pipes to a storage facility. The needed pressure comes from an electric motor turning a hydraulic pump. • Transfer force from on area to another • Have the transferred force by amplified or de-amplified depending on the force need requirements. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Basic Working Principles • Difference between Hydraulic Pump and a Hydraulic Motor: • Motor: Converts pressure to rotary torque and rotational speed. • Pump: Converts an input of rotary torque and speed into pressure. • Motor and Pump are inverses of each other, but they can not be interchanged. • Each has a specific job, and it does that job well. If they were interchanged, damage to the hydraulic system would occur. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Basic Working Principe Cont. • Classification of pumps : • Non-Positive-Displacement Pump (NPD): “produces a continuous flow, but it does not have an internal seal” http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/200/FPE/Pumps/Article/True/6401/Pumps • “Output varies considerably as pressure varies. If the output port of a non-positive-displacement pump were blocked off, the pressure would rise, and output would decrease to zero. Although the pumping element would continue moving, flow would stop.”http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/200/FPE/Pumps/Article/True/6401/Pumps ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. Basic Working Principle Cont. • Classification of Pumps: • Positive-Displacement Pump (PD): “Slippage is negligible compared to the pump's volumetric output flow. If the output port were plugged, pressure would increase instantaneously to the point that the pump's pumping element or its case would fail (probably explode, if the drive shaft did not break first), or the pump's prime mover would stall.” http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/200/FPE/Pumps/Article/True/6401/Pumps • PD pumps deliver the same amount of fluid every cycle ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Types of PD Pumps and their Function • Two Main Types: Reciprocating and Gear • Reciprocating pumps- • These pumps use a piston and valve system to move the fluid. They create a vacuum when the piston is pulled back, thus drawing in liquid. When the piston starts to move forward it creates a pressure in side the piston chamber, closing the inlet valve, opening the outlet valve. The liquid then exits the chamber and the process starts a gain. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Types of PD Pumps and their Function • Examples of PD Pumps Reciprocating Pump Spur Gear Lobe Gear http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/200/FPE/Pumps/Article/True/6401/Pumps ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. Types of PD Pumps and their Function • Gear Pumps: • Spur/External: These pumps have two gears inside the housing that rotate in opposite directions and move the fluid around the inside of the case. There is not any fluid that flows between to the two gears. One gear is powered, and it turns the other gear. When the gears mess together, they force the fluid out the output side of the pump. When they open back up a small vacuum is formed which draws fluid into the pump. http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/eg_ani.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gear_pump.png ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. Types of PD Pumps and their Function • Gear Pumps: • Internal: These probably are the most versatile pump that is made. They can pump both thin and think liquids if you consider asphalt a liquid. They can be used in both directions, meaning that they can load and unload the cargo. http://www.pumpschool.com /principles/ig_ani.htm http://hydraulicspneumatics.com /FPE/images/pumps1_4.gif http://www.pumpschool.com/images/genpur.gif ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. Types of PD Pumps and their Function • Lobe Pump • Use two driven gears to move the fluid. • This is the best PD Pump to pump fluid that has food particles in it like peanut butter. They are able to handle food particles because they have a larger space between the gear teeth and the pump housing. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Boerger-Drehkolbenpume-THW.jpg http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/lobe_ani.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Types of PD Pumps and their Function • Gear Pump: • Vane Pump: These pumps have only one internal gear with vanes that scrape along the pump housing causing the pumping action. The rotor can be centered or offset. The vanes are spring loaded to provide a constant seal against the housing. In the offset gear type, the vanes expand and contract as the rotor turns, thus forcing the liquid out, and pulling the new liquid in. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Types of PD Pumps and their Function • Gear Pumps • Vane Pumps: Pictures http://www.pumpschool.com/images/vnsteps.gif http://www.pumpschool.com/images/vanePumpLarge4.gif ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Advantages • Gear – Internal • Only two moving parts • Only one stuffing box • Non-pulsating discharge • Excellent for high-viscosity liquids • Constant and even discharge regardless of pressure conditions • Operates well in either direction • Can be made to operate with one direction of flow with either rotation • Low NPSH required • Single adjustable end clearance • Easy to maintain • Flexible design offers application customization http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/internal.htm • Gear - External • High speed • High pressure • No overhung bearing loads • Relatively quiet operation • Design accommodates wide variety of materials http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/external.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. Advantages • Gear – Lobe • Pass medium solids • No metal-to-metal contact • Superior CIP/SIP capabilities • Long term dry run (with lubrication to seals) • Non-pulsating discharge http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/lobe.htm • Gear- Vane • Handles thin liquids at relatively higher pressures • Compensates for wear through vane extension • Sometimes preferred for solvents, LPG • Can run dry for short periods • Can have one seal or stuffing box • Develops good vacuum http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/vane.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. Application • External • Various fuel oils and lube oils • Chemical additive and polymer metering • Chemical mixing and blending (double pump) • Industrial and mobile hydraulic applications (log splitters, lifts, etc.) • Acids and caustic (stainless steel or composite construction) • Low volume transfer or application http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/external.htm • Internal • All varieties of fuel oil and lube oil • Resins and Polymers • Alcohols and solvents • Asphalt, Bitumen, and Tar • Polyurethane foam (Isocyanate and polyol) • Food products such as corn syrup, chocolate, and peanut butter • Paint, inks, and pigments • Soaps and surfactants • Glycol http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/internal.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. Application • Lobe • Polymers • Paper coatings • Soaps and surfactants • Paints and dyes • Rubber and adhesives • Pharmaceuticals • Food applications (a sample of these is referenced below) http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/lobe.htm • Vane • Aerosol and Propellants • Aviation Service - Fuel Transfer, Deicing • Auto Industry - Fuels, Lubes, Refrigeration Coolants • Bulk Transfer of LPG and NH3 • LPG Cylinder Filling • Alcohols • Refrigeration - Freons, Ammonia • Solvents • Aqueous solutions http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/vane.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

21. Application BrothButter fatCaramelCastor Oil Cat foodCheese curdCheese wheyCherriesChicken pasteChili con carneChocolateChutneyCocklesCoconut oilCod oil Coffee liquorCordialsCorn oilCorn syrupCottage cheeseCotton seed oilCranberry juice • Lobe Cont.- Food and cosmetic products capable of being pumped by lobe rotor pumps.From Dickenson, T. C. 1995. Pumping Manual, 9th Ed. Elsevier Advanced Technology: Kidlington, Oxford, U.K. AlcoholApple puréeApricotsBaby food BatterBeansBeerBeetrootBiscuit CreamBlackcurrantsBrine CreamCream cheeseCustard Dog foodDoughEggs - wholeEgg yolkEssencesEvaporated milkFishFlavoringsFondantsFruit juiceFruit pulpFruit - wholeFruit yogurtGelatinGherkinsGlucose http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/lobe.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

22. Limitation Internal External Four bushings in liquid area No solids allowed Fixed End Clearances • Usually requires moderate speeds • Medium pressure limitations • One bearing runs in the product pumped • Overhung load on shaft bearing ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

23. Limitations Lobe Vane Can have two stuffing boxes Complex housing and many parts Not suitable for high pressures Not suitable for high viscosity Not good with abrasives • Requires timing gears • Requires two seals • Reduced lift with thin liquids ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

24. Where to Buy/Price • Grainger • $150 + • Hydraulic Supermarket.com • Email for Quote • Viking Pump Inc. • Contact for Quote • Wright Pump Corp. • Contact Manufacture for Quote ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators