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Models of Memory The Multi-store Model

Models of Memory The Multi-store Model. Aims To know the components of the multi store model (MSM) To understand the structural and sequential nature of the MSM (C, D, E) To be able to explain how memories are stored. Key concepts. < (ASR ). Acquisition Storage Retrieval

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Models of Memory The Multi-store Model

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  1. Models of MemoryThe Multi-store Model Aims To know the components of the multi store model (MSM) To understand the structural and sequential nature of the MSM (C, D, E) To be able to explain how memories are stored

  2. Key concepts < (ASR) • Acquisition • Storage • Retrieval • Memory Trace (NGram) • STM Chunking • STM 7+/-2 • STM Acoustic • STM 18 seconds

  3. Memory • Memory is studied in an area of Psychology known as Cognitive psychology. This area focuses its attention upon the mental processes humans use to acquire, store, retrieve and apply their knowledge about the world. • Memory is central to all cognitive processes. • Memory is the mental processes involved in registering, storing and retrieving information.

  4. < (ASR) How memory works Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Information the person stores Information the person retrieves Information the person perceives

  5. CW: Damaged LTM, no STM Clive wearing Contracted a virus and suffered brain damage. His STM was less than 20 seconds and his LTM was severely damaged. He could remember some procedural memories but few episodic memory.

  6. Milner (1966) HM (HM STM6/NONEWLTM) • HM fact file: severe epilepsy, brain surgery for the removal of parts of the temporal lobes and hippocampus, resulting in memory deficits • Consequences of the psycho-surgery: • STM and LTM: remember events in early life (vLTM) but not any prior to 10 years before the surgery and he could not learn or retain new information(NONEWLTM). A short digit span of 6 digits, suggesting an intact STM but repeatedly read the same magazine without realising that he had already read it. He continually failed to recognise psychologists that spent a lot of time with him. No transfer of information from STM to LTM. Normal STM and defective LTM.

  7. Case studies • HM: (HM STM/NO NEW LTM nut vLTM intact)

  8. KF • KF suffered brain damage from a motorcycle accident that damaged his short-term memory. KF's impairment was mainly for verbal information - his memory for visual information was largely unaffected. • This shows that there are separate STM components for visual information (VSS) and verbal information (phonological loop). • In terms of the working memory model this can be explained by damage to the articulatory loop but with the sketchpad remaining intact. • However we can not generalise from one case study to the wider population.

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