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A Brothers’ War: The Upper South

A Brothers’ War: The Upper South. By Josée Campbell and Kaitlin Gibbs. The Conflict Takes Shape. I. Fort Sumter attack A. Lincoln called 75,000 state militia to put down an insurrection for 90 days II. War fever III. Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas

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A Brothers’ War: The Upper South

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  1. A Brothers’ War: The Upper South By Josée Campbell and Kaitlin Gibbs

  2. The Conflict Takes Shape • I. Fort Sumter attack • A. Lincoln called 75,000 state militia to put down an insurrection for 90 days • II. War fever • III. Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas • A. Tied to lower Southern culture and ideology • B. Joined the Confederacy

  3. The First Clashes • I. Harpers Ferry • A. U.S. army garrison of 47 men set fire to arsenal and armory • B. Virginians tried to salvage much of the rifle-making machinery from destruction • II. Gosport Navy Yard • A. Virginia militia entrained for Norfolk to seize Gosport Navy Yard • B. Due to confusion of orders, the commander decided to destroy it • III. Secession sentiment was strong in Maryland • A. Baltimore mob attacked several companies of the 6th Massachusetts Regiment

  4. The Eastern Border States: Maryland and Delaware • I. Maryland • A. Remained a divided state • B. 35,000 white men (and 9000 blacks) fought in the Union army and navy • C. 20,000 went South to fight for the Confederacy • II. Delaware • A. Slavery virtually ceased to exist there • B. 10,000 white men and 1,000 blacks fought for Union army and navy • C. No more than 1,000 men fought for the Confederacy

  5. The Western Border States: Kentucky and Missouri • I. Kentucky • A. “A brothers’ war” • B. Tried to remain neutral • C. “State Guards” versus “Home Guards” • D. Confederacy troops marched into Kentucky first • 1. Kentucky Unionists considered them “invaders” • E. Officially remained in the Union • 1. However, held a secession convention and “joined” the Confederacy • II. Missouri • A. Claiborne Jackson (governor) placed Missouri into Confederacy before Unionist elements could even organize • B. Hessian mobs • 1. 33 people died (2 were soldiers)

  6. (Cont.) The Western Border States: Kentucky and Missouri • C. Lyon declares war upon former Governor Sterling Price (Unionist from Missouri) • D. Lyon’s surprise attack on Confederate camp at Wilson’s Creek • 1. General Franz Sigel - 1,200 men attack Confederates from the rear • 2. Lyon – 4,200 men attack from the front • E. Lyon was shot and his men ran out of ammunition, they retreated • F. Confederates won • G. Fremont (Commander of the Union’s Western Department) issued an order that would put the whole state under martial law • H. Lincoln tells Fremont to modify his proclamation • I. Civil War • 1. 80,000 white Missourians (and 8,000 blacks) served in Union armies • 2. 30,000 joined Confederates • 3. 3,000 fought as Southern guerrillas

  7. West Virginia • I. Importance • A. Baltimore, Ohio Railroad, and Ohio River ran through it for 200 miles • II. Confederates struck first by cutting the railroad west of Harpers Ferry in 1861 • II. Who was in charge? • A. General George B. McClellan - in charge of 20,000 troops to drive out the Confederates • B. General Robert Garnett – in charge of Confederate troops • III. General William S. Rosecrans worked with McClellan • A. Battle Plan – have Rosecrans troop circle behind, while McClellan’s troops fought in front

  8. (Cont.) West Virginia • IV. Robert E. Lee managed the troops after Garnett died • A. Generals John Floyd and Henry Wise took charge of some troops but fought constantly • B. Jefferson Davis fixed this by sending Wise to Richmond • V. The Union won WV and the railroad • VI. VA seceded from Union and many delegates wanted to secede from VA • A. 1861 – people met to create their own state (Kanawha later became WV) • B. 1863 – WV officially became a state with slavery abolished

  9. East Tennessee • I. Lincoln wanted to restore East TN to Union through a Unionist uprising • A. Invasion through Cumberland Gap from KT under General George H. Thomas • B. General Don Carols Buell canceled Thomas’s invasion • C. Roads were bad, mountains rugged, and winter coming (failed) • II. Administration pressured Buell into the continuation of the invasion led by Thomas into winter • III. General George Crittenden and General Felix Zollicoffer surprised Thomas at Logan’s Cross Roads • A. However, Thomas won

  10. (Cont.) East Tennessee • IV. Confederate States • A. Tennessee remained Confederate • B. Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas became Confederate • V. Union • A. The 5 border states (including West Virginia) were Union • B. Produced more food, animals, metals, and other items

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