Chapter 13 Current Issues of Urbanization in China

1. Chapter 13 Current Issues of Urbanization in China

2. Key Terms连续建成区 continuously built-up areas市场经济 market-oriented economy a sound market economy计划经济 centrally-planed economy直辖市 municipalities地区级市 cities at Prefectural Level城市等级 urban hierarchy反城市主义 anti-urbanism城乡对立 urban and rural dichotomy城乡矛盾 contradiction between town and country，

3. 城乡差别 the stark contrast between town and country城乡双元结构 the still existing dual structure of the urban and rural societies城乡演进 rural- urban continuum欠城市化 under-urbanization 过度城市化 over-urbanization户籍制度 household registration system城市户口 urban resident's status农村户口 rural residence status住房商品化 monetizing the dwelling (commercialization)

4. 可耕地 available cultivated (arable) land人均可耕地 the per capita cultivated land线状蔓延城镇 strip town城市村庄 shanty village亚细亚生产方式 Asiatic Mode of Production城市乡村化 Ruralization of the Urban超稳定社会经济结构 super-stable socio-economic structure双元城乡结构 dual structure of the urban and rural societies双元劳动市场 dual labor market第三产业 tertiary industry

5. 流动人口 floating population itinerant worker migrant worker rural labors transient population transient workers (workforce) temporary residents外来劳工 out-of-town workers 外来流动人口 the urban no-native floating population吸收过剩劳动力 absorb the surplus labor force redundant rural labor compliant and docile

6. 居民小区 the residential zones Housing estates多余职工 redundant workers (富余职工）下岗职工 laid-off Concept of Chinese city and process of China's urbanizationA. City: with Chinese characteristics B. Stages of contemporary China's urbanization a. 1949-1957: socialism and industrialization b. 1958-1978: stagnation and lingering c. 1978-present: (rapid) growth and development

7. Division of Administrative Areas in China (1996)National total Provinces Autonomous Regions Municipalities31 23 5 3Number of Prefectures Cities at Prefectural Level335 218Number of Counties Cities at County Level Districts Under the Jurisdiction of Cities 2142 445 717Township and Town Town Street Communities45484 17998 5902 (2000)Villages Neighbor Committees740128 108000 (2000) China Statistical Book 1997 P3, P363

8. Population Composition by Residence (10,000 persons)Urban Rural Year Total Population Population Proportion(%) Population Proportion(%)1952 57482 7163 12.46 50319 87.541957 64653 9949 15.39 54704 84.611962 67295 11659 17.33 55636 82.671965 72538 13045 17.98 59493 82.021970 82992 14424 17.38 68568 82.621975 92420 16030 17.34 76390 82.661978 96295 17254

9. 17.911979 97542 18495 18.961980 98705 19140 19.39 79565 80.611985 105851 20594 23.71 80757 76.291990 114333 30191 26.41 84142 73.591995 121121 35174 29.04 85947 70.961996 122389 35950 29.37 86439 70.63 （China Statistical Yearbook 1997, P69 ）

10. 第六次全国人口普查主要数据（2011年4月28日）v     人口总量 全国总人口为13.4亿人，与2000年第五次全国人口普查相比，十年增加7390万人，增长5.84%，年平均增长0.57%，比1990年到2000年的年平均增长率1.07%下降0.5个百分点。数据表明，十年来我国人口增长处于低生育水平阶段。v     人口的流动 这次人口普查，居住地与户口登记地所在的乡镇街道不一致且离开户口登记地半年以上的人口为2.61亿人，其中市辖区内人户分离人口为3996万

11. 人，不包括市辖区内人户分离的人口为2.2亿人。同2000年人口普查相比，居住地与户口登记地不一致的人口增加1.17亿人，增长81.03%；其中不包括市辖区内人户分离的人口增加10036万人，增长82.89%。多年来经济发展和农村劳动力转移促进了流动人口大量增加。v     城乡构成 这次人口普查，居住在城镇的人口为6.66亿人，占总人口的49.68%，居住在乡村的人口为6.74亿人，占50.32%。同2000年人口普查相比，城镇人口比重上升13.46个百分点。这表明2000年以来中国经济社会的快速发展极大地促进了城镇化水平的提高。 资料来源：中华人民共和国国家统计局

12. 中国城市化水平之国际比较中国城市化水平之国际比较中外城市化与工业化比率之国际比较产业结构、城市化率关系之国际比较中国城市化水平之国际比较Urban Population in Some Countries (%)Great Dynamics and Pressures for Urbanization

13. Household Registration SystemResident Registration● In China, all citizens are registered either at police substations as urban residents or by township governments as rural residents, with one house household as a unit. After being registered, residents are give residence certificates.● The regulations stipulate that all Chinese citizens should at birth be registered at the Public Security department of their permanent residences. Chinese citizens have two different residence statuses. Those living in urban areas hold the city residence permits,

14. while people in the countryside are categorized as rural residents. Under the system, once the residence was registered, it was very difficult to change.Urban future in China: problems and prospects A. Principle and goal of China’s urbanization B. Major unfavorable factors to urban development a. Still-existing population pressure b. Relatively insufficient land and water resource d. Limited administrative and planning capability C. Urbanization and social reform

15. Urban Development Policy in China before 2000 Strictly control the growth of big cities Reasonably develop the middle-and-small size cities Actively promote the development of small towns(stipulated in the government files and China’s urban Planning Act of 1989)

16. Urban Development Policy in China before 2000v  Urbanization ways of the rural people:v  (a) Leave farmland and also leave the village v  (b) Leave farmland but don’t leave the villageAchievements and Problems in the Process of China’s urbanizationv  Continuous increase in size and number of cities and townsv  Evolution of the urbanization levelv  Development of metropolitan areas and regions

17. Problems in the Process of China’s Urbanizationv   Demolition of history and culture of the citiesv   Increasingly serious environmental problemsv   High pressures for decent standard of livingv   Absence of social welfare and servicesv   Decay of community spirit and lack of social trust in interpersonal relationshipsv   Non-rational, brutal urban redevelopment and transformationv   Rural-urban and intra-city disparities

18. Ten major metropolitan regions are forming in Chinav      珠江三角洲 Pearl River Delta ~120,000,000v      长江三角洲 Yangtze River Delta ~88,000,000 v      环渤海经济圈 Bohai Economic Rim Greater Beijing: ~23,700,000 Shenda: ~13,890,000 Hebei North Coast: ~9,905,400v      海峡经济区 Cross-Strait Economic Zone 18,000,000

19. v      环北部湾经济圈 Beibu Gulf Economic Rim[7] 33,700,000v      中原 Central Plain ~24,170,000v      哈尔滨长春地区 Harbin-Changchun Area (Northeastern Cities) ~21,832,000v      四川盆地(成渝都市圈) Sichuan basin ~20,878,000 v      大武汉都市圈 Greater Wuhan Megalopolis around Wuhan, 20,000,000 v      关中 Guanzhong around Xi'an, ~16,722,000 v      长株潭城市群 Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region 12,994,400(2000) of China

20. 2005年全国1%人口抽样调查主要数据公报 　　我国于2005年底开展了全国1%人口抽样调查工作。这次调查的样本量为1705万人，占全国总人口的1.31%。全国总人口及其结构的主要数据如下： 　　一、总人口2005年11月1日零时，全国总人口为130628万人，与2000年第五次全国人口普查的总人口126583万人相比，增加了4045万人，增长3.2%。根据调查数据推算，2005年年末总人口为130756万人。

21. 二、流动人口 全国人口中，流动人口为14735万人，其中，跨省流动人口4779万人。与第五次全国人口普查相比，流动人口增加296万人，跨省流动人口增加537万人。 三、城乡构成 全国人口中，居住在城镇的人口56157万人，占总人口的42.99%；居住在乡村的人口74471万人，占总人口的57.01%。与第五次全国人口普查相比，城镇人口占总人口的比重上升了6.77个百分点。 中华人民共和国国家统计局　2006年3月16日

22. 2000年中国城乡人口　　　中国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市的人口中，居住在城镇的人口45594万人，占总人口的36.09％；居住在乡村的人口80739万人，占总人口的63.91％。同1990年第四次全国人口普查相比，城镇人口占总人口的比重上升了9.86个百分点。　　　　　　　　中华人民共和国国家统计局：《2000年第五次全国　　　　　　 人口普查主要数据公报（第一号）》2001年3月28日