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The Center for the Creative and Performing Arts High School

The Center for the Creative and Performing Arts High School. Pittsburgh, PA. CAPA High School. Pittsburgh, PA. Andrew Tech Mechanical Option Spring 2003. CAPA High School. Pittsburgh, PA. Andrew Tech Mechanical Option Spring 2003. Presentation Outline. Introduction / Background

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The Center for the Creative and Performing Arts High School

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  1. The Center for the Creative and Performing Arts High School

  2. Pittsburgh, PA

  3. CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA Andrew Tech Mechanical Option Spring 2003

  4. CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA Andrew Tech Mechanical Option Spring 2003

  5. Presentation Outline • Introduction / Background • Existing Conditions • Mechanical Analysis • Lighting Analysis • Conclusions & Final Recommendations CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  6. Introduction / Background Project Team Introduction & Background Pittsburgh Public Schools Owner MacLachlan, Cornelius & Filoni Architects, Inc. Architect General Contractor Mascaro Construction Company Mechanical Engineer Firsching, Marstiller, Rusbarsky & Wolf Engineering, Inc. Lighting / Electrical Carl J. Long & Associates Structural Engineer Brace Engineering CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  7. Introduction / Background • Located in Pittsburgh’s Cultural District • Magnet School • 550 – 600 students • Highly specialized education in • Music • Theater • Dance • Visual Arts • Literary Arts Pittsburgh’s Golden Triangle CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  8. Introduction / Background Architecture • 175,000 sf – Total • 133,000 sf – New • 42,000 sf – Renovation • $36 million • June 2001 - August 2003 • Architectural Features • 6-story Glass Curtain Wall • Orchestra / Choral Rehearsal Hall • Dance Studio • Black Box Theater • Green Space • 400 – Seat Theater • 6 Story Stage-House • Orchestra Pit • Stage Craft Shop • Old-fashioned Marquee CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  9. Mechanical Analysis Intent of Analysis Determine Applicability of Cool Tools Optimization Procedure • Cool Tools: Chilled Water Plant Design Guide • Chapters 6 & 7 • Survey of Design Professionals • Develop a typical chilled water plant design procedure • Determine when Engineers optimize their designs • Application of Optimization Procedure • Comparison of Procedures • Costs • Energy Consumption Mechanical Analysis CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  10. Mechanical Analysis Typical Design Process • Chilled Water distribution system • Based upon size of system and past experiences • Chilled Water temperatures, flow rates, & pipe sizes • Typically 2.4 gpm/ton • Use of standard 10ºF ΔT • Q = 500*gpm*ΔT → gpm = Q/(500*ΔT) • Pipe Sized using equal friction method CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  11. Mechanical Analysis Typical Design Process • Cooling Tower • Manufacturer’s Selection Software • Speed control • Past Experience • Range – standard 10ºF ΔT (default value) • Flow rate – 3 gpm/ton • Approach – standard 7ºF (default value) • Chiller Selection • Determine Load using computer program (HAP, TRACE, etc.) • Select number of chillers based on required redundancy • Chiller size = Load / number of chillers • Manufacturer’s catalogs & vendor recommendations CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  12. Mechanical Analysis Cool Tools’ Optimized Design Procedure • Chilled Water distribution system • Recommendations based on general rules-of-thumb • Chilled Water temperatures, flow rates, & pipe sizes • 3-step procedure to determine system ΔT based on “maxing-out” the flow in pipes • First cost optimum • Reasonable flexibility • Reduces energy costs CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  13. Mechanical Analysis Cool Tools’ Optimized Design Procedure • Cooling Tower • 3-step procedure to select condenser water temperature range • Increase efficiency (gpm/hp) • Vary Approach • Develop performance Specification and collect bids from manufacturers • Chiller Selection • Determine design load using computer program • Develop performance Specification and collect bids from manufacturers • Estimate building energy consumption with detailed computer model • Calculate Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) estimate and select chiller arrangement with lowest LCC CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  14. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Cool Tools Optimization Design Procedure Step - 1 – Select chilled water distribution system flow arrangement. Step - 2 – Select chilled water temperatures, flow rate, and primary pipe sizes. Step - 3 – Select tower speed control option, efficiency, condenser water temperature range and approach temperatures. Make preliminary cooling tower selection. Step - 4 – Select chillers using performance specification & life-cycle analysis. Step - 5 – Adjust tower sizing and number of cells if necessary. Step - 6 – Finalize piping system design and select pumps. Step - 7 – Develop and optimize control sequence. CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  15. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Design Load • Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) • Peak Design Load = 500 tons • Hourly Analysis of Building Load for entire year CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  16. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure From Table 6-1 • Application - 6 • Many small coils • Primary-Secondary Variable Flow Step - 1 – Select chilled water distribution system flow arrangement. Primary-secondary variable flow arrangement CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  17. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 2 – Select chilled water temperatures, flow rate, and primary pipe sizes. Step 2.2 – Pick smallest pipe from Table 6-8 & adjust ΔT to “max-out” pipe size Step 2.3 – Choose ΔT based on results Step 2.1 – Determine flow rate using a low end of 12 ºF ΔT & a high end of 18 ºF ΔT • Chilled Water Supply Temperature = 44 ºF • Chilled Water ΔT = 14 ºF • Primary Pipe Size – 8” • Main Riser Pipe Size – 6” CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  18. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 3 – Select tower speed control option, efficiency, condenser water temperature range and approach temperatures. Make preliminary cooling tower selection. Cooling Tower Selections • Marley’s Update Selection Software Tower Speed Control • Two-speed tower (full/half) Condenser Water Temperature Range • Similar selection method as chilled water ΔT • Actual Result ΔT = 10.8ºF • Used ΔT = 12 ºF Approach • Limited to 7 ºF Efficiency • Limit size of cooling tower to that of original tower CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  19. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 4 – Select chillers using performance specification & life-cycle analysis. Chiller Selection 4 Arrangements • Heat Exchanger Enabled • 2 – 250 ton Centrifugal Chillers • Constant and Variable Speed • No Heat Exchanger • 1 – 150 ton Centrifugal Speed • 1 – 350 ton Centrifugal Speed • Variable & Constant arrangements CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  20. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 4 – Select chillers using performance specification & life-cycle analysis. Chiller Selection • Detailed Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis • 8 scenarios • WSFC - Heat Exchanger On/Off • 4 Chiller Combinations • 2 Cooling Tower Arrangements • Pumping based on 14 ºF ΔT • Energy Consumption • Modeled in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) • Annual Utility & LCC calculated in Microsoft Excel CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  21. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 4 – Select chillers using performance specification & life-cycle analysis. Chiller Selection • LCC Analysis • 8% discount rate over 15 years Chiller Selection • Scenario 2 • HX Enabled; 2 – 250 ton Constant Speed Chillers; NC8303DL2 CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  22. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 4 – Select chillers using performance specification & life-cycle analysis. Chiller Selection CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  23. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 5 – Adjust tower sizing and number of cells if necessary. Step - 6 – Finalize piping system design and select pumps. Step - 7 – Develop and optimize control sequence. CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  24. Mechanical Analysis Comparison of two procedures Typical Procedure • Advantages • Common in Industry • Less time consuming • Results in working system • Disadvantages • Not optimum design • Higher initial cost • Higher operational cost Optimization Procedure • Advantages • Results in OPTIMUM system • Lower initial costs • Lower operational costs • Disadvantages • Time consuming • Engineer • Equipment vendors • Not common in Industry CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  25. Mechanical Analysis Conclusions Is the Optimization Procedure Applicable to typical chilled water plant designs? No Survey Says: • Too time consuming • Cost Prohibitive • Extra Fee for Client CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  26. Mechanical Analysis Conclusions • Use 3-step procedure to determine flow rates & ΔTs • Advantages • Reduces First Cost • Pumps • Cooling Tower • Pipes, Valves, Insulation, etc. • Reduces Operating Costs • Disadvantages • Increased Coil Sizes Offset by savings CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  27. Lighting Analysis Intent of Analysis • Decrease Power Density of Lighting • Provide adequate illumination levels Lighting Analysis • Space Description • Room 133 & 212 • 2-story Art Gallery • 874 square feet • 2nd Floor Balcony • Showcase for Student Artwork CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  28. Lighting Analysis Existing Design • 31 - Track Mounted Fixtures • 75 W Parabolic Incandescent Lamps • 12 - Recessed Downlight Fixtures • 2 - 26 W Quad Compact Fluorescent Lamps CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  29. Lighting Analysis • ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 – Energy Standard for Buildings • General Exhibition within a Museum • 1.6 W/ft2 CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  30. Lighting Analysis New Design • 13 - Wallwash Fixtures • 1 - 55 W Long Tube Compact Fluorescent Lamp • 12 - Recessed Downlight Fixtures • 2 - 26 W Quad Compact Fluorescent Lamps CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  31. Lighting Analysis Compliant with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 < 1.6 W/ft2 CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  32. Lighting Analysis • Illuminance Levels • IESNA Handbook • Museum - flat display on a vertical surface • Category D • Visual tasks of high contrast and large size • 30 fc (300 lux) CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  33. Lighting Analysis • Lightscape Images CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  34. Lighting Analysis Summary • Advantages • Compliance with ASHRAE Std. 90.1-1999 • Elimination of “hot spots” • Even distribution of illuminance • Lower maintenance costs • Color Temperature matches downlights • Longer Life • Disadvantages • Reduction in Color Rendering capabilities • No directivity CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  35. Conclusions / Recommendations • Mechanical Analysis • Optimization Procedure • Not Feasible for all plant designs • Cost Prohibitive • Time constraints • Selection of flow rates & ΔT • 3-step procedure • First Cost Savings (CAPA – 4%) • Operational Cost Savings (CAPA – 13%) • Takes only minutes to perform Conclusions & Recommendations CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  36. Conclusions / Recommendations • Lighting Analysis • Use wallwash fixtures • Reduces power density • Compliance with ASHRAE Std. 90.1-1999 • Even distribution of illuminance levels • Adequate illuminance on display surfaces CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  37. Acknowledgements Jim Kemper - Firsching, Marstiller, Rusbarsky & Wolf Engineering, Inc. Ken Lee - MacLachlan, Cornelius & Filoni Architects Jamie White & Chuck Urso - LLI Technologies, Inc. Kent Lewis - Carl J. Long & Associates Dr. William P. Bahnfleth Prof. Moses Ling Jonathan Dougherty Other members of the AE Faculty Family & Friends

  38. Questions?

  39. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 2 – Select chilled water temperatures, flow rate, and primary pipe sizes. Step 1- Determine flow rate using 12 ºF ΔT & 18 ºF ΔT CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  40. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 2 – Select chilled water temperatures, flow rate, and primary pipe sizes. Step 2 – Pick smallest pipe from Table 6-8 & adjust ΔT to max-out pipe size CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  41. Mechanical Analysis Application of Optimization Procedure Step - 2 – Select chilled water temperatures, flow rate, and primary pipe sizes. Step 3 – Choose ΔT based on results Chilled Water ΔT = 14 ºF CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  42. Mechanical Analysis • Energy Model • Components modeled in EES • Chillers • DOE2 & Modified DOE2 model • Coupled polynomials • Coefficients from California Energy Commission • Cooling Towers • Curve-fit polynomial regressions of performance curves • Marley Update Selection Software • Pumps • Polynomial equations using pump characteristics • Heat Exchanger • Heat transfer equations CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  43. Mechanical Analysis • Criteria for pipe-sizing of Table 6-8 • Velocity is limited to minimize erosion • Based on common rules-of thumb • Velocity limited by noise • Based on general rules-of-thumb • Life-cycle cost of piping and associated pumping system • Analysis performed in San Francisco Bay Area (1992) CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

  44. Existing Conditions Mechanical • 2 – 260 ton Water-cooled Centrifugal Chillers • 1 – 2 cell cooling tower - 1560 gpm • 2 – 3,853 MBtu Natural Gas Boilers • Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger for Water-Side Free Cooling (WSFC) • Heat Recovery Unit • 10 Air Handling Units • VAV, CAV, & Direct Ventilation • Carbon Dioxide Monitors • 40+ Sound Attenuators • Integrated DDC & Pneumatic Control System CAPA High School Pittsburgh, PA

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