The Six Kingdoms

1. The Six Kingdoms

2. Terms to Know

3. Number of Cells • Unicellular • One cell • Multicellular • More than one cell

4. How it Eats • Autotroph • Makes it’s own food from the sun (automatically) • Heterotroph • Must eat other plants or animals for food

5. Nuclei • Prokaryote • No nucleus • Eukaryote • Has a true nucleus

6. Can it Move? • Sessile • Can’t move • Mobile • It can move

7. 6 Kingdoms • Based on cell type, structure, nutrition • All Bacteria are Eubacteria • All Archaea are Archaebacteria • Eukarya contains: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

8. Kingdom Eubacteria

9. Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria are the most abundant type of organism • Prokaryotes – they have a cell wall but no nucleus (simple organism)

10. Characteristics - Eubacteria • Come in many different shapes • Can move • Unicellular • No nucleus or organelles

11. Characteristics - Eubacteria • Eating habits • Heterotrophic • Autotrophic (just a few) • Can survive in many environments • Aerobic (oxygen) • Anaerobic (no oxygen)

12. Eubacteria

13. Kingdom Archaebacteria

14. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Most scientists believe Archaea to be more ancient than bacteria. • Main Difference: type of material used for cell wall

15. Characteristics- Archaebacteria • Unicellular • Many shapes • Some autotrophic, most heterotrophic

16. Extremophiles • Extremophiles – they live in the most extreme environments on Earth • Hot springs • Salty lakes • Thermal vents on ocean floor • Acidic stomachs

17. Archaebacteria

18. Kingdom Protista

19. Kingdom Protista – The Misfits • Don’t fit into any other category • Aren’t similar to each other either. • 3 categories • Plantlike protists • Animal-like protists • Funguslikeprotists

20. Plantlike Protists • Autotrophic, perform photosynthesis • Algae • Sea Kelp • Red Algae

21. Euglenoids • Euglenoids – have both plantlike and animal-like characteristics • Perform photosynthesis so usually grouped with plantlike protists

22. Animal-like Protists • Heterotrophic • Do not form organs • Protozoans • amoebas

23. FunguslikeProtists • Decomposes dead organic material, resembles real fungi • Slime molds and mildews

24. Protista

25. Kingdom Fungi

26. Characteristics – Kingdom Fungi • More than 70,000 species • Eukaryotes, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in it’s environment • All are heterotrophs and decomposers • They secrete digestive enzymes into their food source and then absorb the nutrients directly into their cells

27. Special Characteristics - Fungi • They are sessile (they can’t move) • Rigid cell walls • Have hyphae • Threadlike strands that enable the fungi to grow, feed, and reproduce

28. Fungi

29. Kingdom Plantae

30. Characteristics – Kingdom Plantae • The base of all land habitats - 250,000 species • Autotrophs - make energy from the sun through photosynthesis • A few are heterotrophs

31. Plants • Multicellular • Cell walls contain cellulose • Can’t move - sessile • Are organized into tissues • Most have organs such as roots, stems, and leaves

32. Plantae

33. Kingdom Animalia

34. Characteristics – Kingdom Animalia • Heterotrophs • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Have membrane- bound organelles

35. Animals – Innards • No cell walls • Cells are organized into tissues • Most have tissues that are organized into organs (i.e. skin, stomach, brain) • Organs are often organized into complex systems (i.e. digestive, circulatory)

36. Animals - Diverse • Range widely in size • Live in water, on land, and in the air • Most can move • Some can’t (i.e. coral can’t move as an adult)

37. Animalia

38. An exception to every system… • A virus is a nucleic acid that is surrounded by a protein coat

39. Viruses • Viruses have their own classification system • Not considered to be living • They are not cells and do not have cells