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Properties of Acids and Bases

Properties of Acids and Bases. Acids Acids are electrolytes. Acids produce hydrogen ion (H + ) when dissolved in water. HCl ( aq )  H + ( aq ) + Cl - ( aq ) Aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste. Acids change the color of acid-base indicators. Example : litmus p aper.

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Properties of Acids and Bases

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  1. Properties of Acids and Bases • Acids • Acids are electrolytes. • Acids produce hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water. HCl (aq)  H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) • Aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste. • Acids change the color of acid-base indicators. Example: litmus paper

  2. Some acids react with metals to release hydrogen gas, H2. Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(s) + H2(g) • Acids react with bases to produce salts and water. (neutralization) 7. Acids have pH’s below 7.

  3. Naming Acids • A binary acid is an acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one other element. • Examples: HF, HCl, H2S • Naming Binary Acids • The name of a binary acid begins with the prefix hydro- • The root of the name of the second element follows this prefix. • The name then ends with the suffix -ic.

  4. Naming Binary Acids

  5. Naming Oxyacids • An oxyacidis an acid contains hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element. • Examples: HNO3, H2SO4, • If the anion of an oxyacid ends with the suffix “–ate” replace with “–ic acid” • The names of oxyacids follow a pattern. • The name of the oxyacid is based on the name of the anion contained in the acid. • HNO3 ---- anion is nitrate ----- acid is called nitric acid • HC2H3O2 ---- anion is acetate ---- acid is called acetic acid • Oxyacids do not begin with the prefix hydro-

  6. If the anion of an oxyacid ends with the suffix “–ite” replace with “–ous acid” • H2SO3 ----- anion is sulfite ----- acid is called sulfurous acid

  7. Some Common Acids • Sulfuric Acid • Formula: H2SO4 • Sulfuric acid is the most commonly produced industrial chemical in the world. • Used in various industrial processes including petroleum refining and in the production of paper, plastic, paint, dyes, and detergents. • Acid found in car batteries. • Hydrochloric Acid • Formula: HCl • Acid produced by the stomach to aid in digestion.

  8. Serves as a “pickling” agent for iron and steel. • Also used to maintain proper pH in swimming pools • Concentrated solutions are commonly referred to as muriatic acid. • Nitric Acid • Formula: HNO3 • Used in the production of explosives and fertilizers. • Also used to make rubber, plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

  9. Acetic Acid • Formula: HC2H3O2 • Acid found in vinegar. (5% acetic acid solution) • Use to synthesize chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics • Phosphoric Acid • Formula: H3PO4 • Used in the manufacturing of fertilizers and animal feed • Dilute solutions used as a flavoring agent in soft drinks such as Coke, Pepsi, and Dr. Pepper.

  10. Bases • Bases are electrolytes. • Bases produce hydroxide ion (OH-) when dissolved in water. NaOH (aq)  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) • Aqueous solutions of acids have a bitter taste. • Dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slippery. • Bases change the color of acid-base indicators. Example: litmus paper / phenolphthalein • Bases react with acids to produce salts and water. • Bases have pH’s above 7

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