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Properties of Acids and Bases

Properties of Acids and Bases. Ch 8.3. Acids. A compound that produces hydronium (H 3 0 + ) ions when dissolved in water. Acidic Properties. Sour Taste Lemons, grapefruit, oranges Citric acid, acetic acid NEVER use taste to determine if a substance is an acid. Reacts with Metal

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Properties of Acids and Bases

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  1. Properties of Acids and Bases Ch 8.3

  2. Acids • A compound that produces hydronium (H30+) ions when dissolved in water

  3. Acidic Properties • Sour Taste • Lemons, grapefruit, oranges • Citric acid, acetic acid • NEVER use taste to determine if a substance is an acid • Reacts with Metal • Single displacement • Spaghetti and Al foil • Turns dark, creates holes, food may taste metallic

  4. Acids Properties • Color Change in Indicators • Litmus paper • Reacts to acids or bases • Blue litmus turns Red

  5. Bases • A compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water • Opposite of acids, except can react with metals

  6. Properties of Bases • Bitter Taste • Natural chocolate • Soap, medicine • Slippery Feel • Soap • Household cleaners

  7. Properties of Bases • Color Change in Indicator • Red litmus paper turns Blue • Flowers=natural indicator • Acidic soil= blue • Basic soil=pink

  8. Acidic or Basic?

  9. Neutralization • Reaction between an acid and base • - ions in acids combine with the + ions in bases to produce salt • H30+ from acid reacts with OH- from base to produce H2O • Examples: • Table salt • Baking soda

  10. Proton Donors and Acceptors • Acids lose/donate protons • Acids=proton donors • Bases accept protons • Bases=proton acceptors • Substances can now be acidic or basic • Water- was neither, now can be both • 1st acts as base, 2nd acts as acid • book pg 245

  11. Strength of Acids and Bases Ch. 8.4

  12. pH Scale • Scale 0-14 • Describes concentration/% of hydronium ions in a solution • 0-6 = acidic – higher H3O concentration • 7 = neutral • 8-14 = basic – higher OH- concentration

  13. Strong Acids Bases • When dissolved in water, they ionize almost completely • HCl, H2SO4 • Lower pH • When dissolved in water, they dissociate almost completely • Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide • Higher pH

  14. Weak Acids Bases • Ionize only slightly in water • Higher pH • Dissociate only slightly in water • Lower pH

  15. Buffers • Solution resistant to large changes in pH • Made from weak acids and bases • Mixing with the acid or bases salt • pH remains relatively constant

  16. Electrolytes • Substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when dissolved in water • Resulting solution can conduct electric current • Help restore balance of ions in your body • Strong or weak • Similar to strong or weak acids/bases • Can be batteries, or fuel cells

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