Realizing the Promises & Addressing the Challenges of Solar Energy: A National Priority.

1. Realizing the Promises & Addressing the Challenges of Solar Energy: A National Priority. Roland Hulstrom NREL Solar Program Manager. Feb. 10, 2009 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

3. Dedicated to renewable energy & energy efficiency • R&D, demonstration, and deployment. • Collaboration with industry, universities, and States • is a hallmark. • Ability to link scientific discovery & product development • to accelerate commercialization. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

4. 10% R.E. by 2012 25% R.E. by 2025 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

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6. National effort/priorities to include schools/education ACORE teams up with Partners GREEN and their “Project EverGreen Schools” Initiative in an effort to transition America’s schools towards Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy The American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) announced today that it has joined forces with Partners GREEN in signing a letter to President Obama voicing its strong support for the Partners GREEN’s project, “Onsite Renewable Energy, Efficiencies and Education at Our Nation’s Schools.” ACORE and Partners GREEN will ask ACORE Members to join in signing this “Letter to President Obama” before the letter is delivered to the President on February 26, 2009, through the RETECH Conference in Las Vegas, NV. President Obama has called for renewable energy efficiencies, and educational programs to be brought to our nation’s schools and, in response to that challenge, Partners GREEN launched a petition drive to secure support for a national energy policy consistent with President Obama's goal for “greening” the nation's schools. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

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8. "I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy.What a source of power! I hope we don't have towait till oil and coal run out before we tackle that."Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

9. Converting the sun’s radiation into electricity – two main pathways Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Mirrors focus solar radiation to heat fluids that are used to drive electric generators. Photovoltaics (PV) Cells of semi-conductors absorb photons and directly convert them into electrical current. Predominantly in the Southwest U.S. (requires direct sunlight) Can be used anywhere in the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

10. The Challenges/Requirements • Systems that deliver reliable (20 to 30 yrs.) retail-competitive electricity for a wide variety of markets & applications. • Systems that have optimized capacity (storage) factors that make them attractive to electrical grid and certain markets. • Large-scale (gigawatts) U.S. industrial manufacturing & deployment capacities that will dramatically reduce component, system, and installation costs. • A national workforce commensurate with large scale development and deployment. Education and training at all levels. • Acceptable/value-added grid integration; Smart Grids. • Advanced solar resource prospecting and forecasting (1 hour to 1 week) technologies and tools. • Financing mechanisms to facilitate affordability. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

11. Photovoltaic (PV) applications and markets are evolving very rapidly Commercial Residential • PV is a growing source for distributed & centralized electricity generation Utility-scale National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

12. U.S. solar resources significantly outweigh energy use • Currently, solar provides less than 0.1% of the electricity used in the U.S. • For the U.S., less than 2% of the land dedicated to cropland and grazing could provide all of our electricity. • Covering less than 0.2% of the land on the earth with 10%-efficient solar cells would provide twice the power used by the world. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

13. CSP industry is developing multiple plant technologies, each with different route to intermediate power parity Trough Linear Fresnel Dishes Tower DOE Goals for Industry Technology Development & Projects: • Peak/Intermediate power of 10 cents/kWh by 2012 • Intermediate power of 7 cents/kWh with 6 hrs storage by 2015 • Baseload power of 5 cents/kWh with 14 hrs storage by 2020 13 13 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

14. Southwest U.S. is ideal for CSP technology Screened Solar Resource for the Southwest U.S. Direct-Normal Solar Resource for the Southwest U.S. Screening for: > 6.0 kWh/m2/day, Environment/urban/ water/etc land uses, < 1% slope, > 5 km2. • Very large technical potential • Could provide more than 10X current U.S. electricity capacity. • Need access to transmission. Potential Solar Generation Capacity by State Source: NREL (2007). National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

15. The Mission of the DOE Solar Program is to Accelerate the wide-spread adoption of solar electric technologies across the U.S. Distributed Generation - on-site or near point of use - Photovoltaics (PV) DOE SETP Market Transformation Grid Integration Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Centralized Generation - large users or utilities - 15 15 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

16. The goal of the SAI is to reduce solar electricity to grid parityby 2015 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

17. Planning/Decision-Making: Priorities, Scope, & Funding ? Congress President ? ? DOE Stakeholders (inputs, review) ? DOE EERE Public Industry States/Cities Etc. ? DOE SETP ? ? 52% 48% Strategic Plan FY Plans National Labs DOE GFO Strategic Plan FY Plans Strategic Plan FY Plans NREL Solar Program;38% SNL: 10% BNL: <1% Others Industry Universities States/Cities Schools Utilities National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

18. A number of factors are driving strong growth in the solar industry • Federal, state, and local policy incentives. • Market volatility and high cost of natural gas and oil. • Climate change and likely carbon regulations. • Energy security issues. • Need for increased energy production to meet growing demand (China, India, etc.). • Interest from financial community in “next big thing”. • Influx of talent from the IC industry. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

19. Source: Navigant Consulting, Report #NPS-Supply 3, April 2008. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

20. PV growing rapidly in key countries • Grid-connected PV is fastest growing market. • Incentives have driven steep growth in installations. • Average annual global growth rate has been 40+% for the past 5 years. • PV could capture > 30% of market share for new capacity additions within next 5-10 years. Source: International Energy Agency (2007). National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

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22. CSP Projects in the US (July 2008) National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

23. CSP Projects and development outside the US (July 2008) * Natural gas/hybrid project; capacity shown is CSP portion only National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

24. Market Transformation & Deployment: Schools Critical Roles and Opportunities. • Workforce & Market Development: • - All levels of education and training. • Future users/consumers/decision-makers • Scientists & Engineers • Skilled trades • Local > National government • Financial (loans, investing, etc.) • Deployment: (communities/utilities) • - Building-integrated PV electric power supplies • - Community/utility large scale power plants • - Serve as examples of “how to do it right” National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

25. Solar Education & Workforce Development New Ideas in Educating a Workforce In Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency: 3rd National Conference Set for November 18-20, 2009, Albany, NY : IREC web site.

26. Large roof-top systems.

27. Covered Parking = Dual-use, prime, spacewithin communities: Solar Power Stations 750 kWac Carport Naval Base Coronado, CA Photo credit: Schott Solar 130 kWac Carport Riverside, CA Photo credit: PowerLight