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DIGESTIVE TRACT

DIGESTIVE TRACT. CHAIRUL ANWAR. THE ORAL CAVITY IT IS LINED WITH STRATIFIED NON KERATINIZED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM THE LIP COMPOSED OF 3 COMPONENTS : PARS CUTANEA  INDENTIC WITH THIN SKIN PARS INTERMEDIA ( THE RED PART OF LIP )

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DIGESTIVE TRACT

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  1. DIGESTIVE TRACT CHAIRUL ANWAR

  2. THE ORAL CAVITY • IT IS LINED WITH STRATIFIED NON KERATINIZED • SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM • THE LIP • COMPOSED OF 3 COMPONENTS : • PARS CUTANEA  INDENTIC WITH THIN SKIN • PARS INTERMEDIA ( THE RED PART OF LIP ) • - BORDER PART OF SKIN TO THE MUCOSA • - EPITHEL : KERATOHYALIN CONSENTRATION IS • HIGH

  3. - STRATUM LUCIDUM IS THICK AND • TRANSPARANT. • - DERMIS : - DERMAL PAPILLA IS HIGH • - THERE ARE MANY BLOOD • VESSELS • - THERE IS NOT HAIR FOLLICLE, • CEBACEOUS GLAND, SUDORIFERA • GLAND AND CONTAIN MANY • SENSORIC NERVES ENDING • PARS MUCOSAE : • EPITHEL : SQUAMOUS STRATIFIED NON KERATINIZED • CAN FOUND LABIALIS GLAND WITH MUCOUS CHARACTER.

  4. THE TONGUE • BIG PART OF TONGUE CONSIST OF SKELETAL MUSCLE WHICH SALING TEGAK LURUS IN THREE DIRECTION. • DORSAL PART OF THE TONGUE IS DIVIDED BY SULCUS TERMINALIS INTO : • 2/3 ANTERIOR PART, WHICH CONTAIN • LINGUAL PAPILL. • 1/3 DORSAL PART, WHICH CONTAIN • LYMPHONODULI NAMELY TONSILLA LINGUALIS • VENTRAL PART OF TONGUE HAVE SLIPERLY SURFACE

  5. TONGUE PAPILL ( PAPILLA LINGUALIS ) • ARE PROCESSES OF PROPRIA PAPILL WHICH IT’S SURFACE LINED BY SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM. • PAPILLA FILIFORMIS • - THE SHAPE LIKE A THREAD • - THE EPITHEL WITH KERATINIZED • - HAVE PRIMAIR AND SECUNDAIR PAPILL • - THE NUMBER IS GREATER AND SPREAD OUT • ON THE DORSAL SURFACE OF TONGUE. • - THERE IS NOT TASTE BUD

  6. PAPILLA FUNGIFORMIS • - FUNGI SHAPE, LOCATED IS INSERT OF • FILIFORMIS PAPILL. • - THE EPITHEL IS NON KERATINIZED • - THE NUMBER OF TASTE BUD IS A LITTLE • PAPILLA CIRCUMVALATA • - IS THE GREATEST OF PAPILL AT TONGUE • - THE NUMBER IS 7 – 12 • - LOCATED ARE ALONG SULCUS TERMINALIS • - HAVE MANY TASTE BUD IN THE MARGIN • OF PAPILL. • - THERE IS VON EBNER GLAND IN BASED • OF SULCUS, IN BENEATH OF THE PAPILL.

  7. PAPILLA FOLIATA • - THE APPEARANCE LIKE A LEAF • - THERE ARE THREE SECUNDARY PROPRIA • PAPILLS : • - ONE IN THE MIDDLE CONTAIN BLOOD • VESSELS. • - TWO IN THE MARGIN CONTAIN NERVE • FIBERS • - HAVE TASTE BUD • - THE POSITION OF THIS PAPILL IS AT THE • POSTERO-LATERAL SIDE, NEAR • TERMINALLY SULCUS.

  8. GLAND IN THE TONGUE • 1. VON EBNER GLAND : THE CHARACTER OF • SECRET IS PURE SEROUS, • POSITION IS NEAR FROM PAPILLA CIRCUM • VALATA. • 2. WEBER GLAND : THE CHARACTER OF • SECRET IS PURE MUCOUS, THE POSITION IS • NEAR TONSILLA LINGUALIS. • BLANDIN NUHN : THE CHARACTER OF SECRET • IS SEROMUCOUS AND THE POSITION IN 1/3 THE ANTERIOR PART OF TONGUE.

  9. GENERAL STRUCTURES OF OESOPHAGUS UNTIL • ANUS : • CONSIST OF 4 MAIN LAYERS, FROM THE SURFACE : • MUCOSA LAYER • SUBMUCOSA LAYER • C. EXTERNAL MUSCULARIS LAYER • D. ADVENTITIA / SEROSA LAYER

  10. TUNICA MUCOSA • CONSIST OF THREE LAYERS : • 1. EPITHEL • 2. LAMINA PROPRIA • 3. MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE • EPITHEL • DEPEND OF THE FUNCTION : • - PROTECTIVE : STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS • EPITHELIUM NON KERATINIZED  • OESOPHAGUS AND ANUS.

  11. SECRETORIC / ABSORBTIF : SIMPLE COLUMNAR • EPITHELIUM  FROM CARDIA UNTIL RECTUM. • LAMINA PROPRIA • IS A LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, WHICH • CONTAIN : • - BLOOD / LYMPHATIC VESSEL • - GLAND : - KRYPTA LIEBERKUHN • - OESOPHAGEAL-CARDIAC GLAND • - SMOOTH MUSCLE  IN VILLI INTESTINALIS • 3. MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE • TWO LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE, WHICH IN • INNER LAYER IS CIRCULAR AN IN OUTER IS • LONGITUDIAL

  12. EXCEPT : - IN OESOPHAGUS, ONE LAYER, THE • DIRECTION IS LONGITUDINAL. • - IN STOMACH : THERE ARE THREE • LAYER, THE DIRECTION ARE • CIRCULAR, LONGITUDINAL AND • CIRCULAR. • TUNICA SUBMUCOSA • IS A DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, THAT • CONTAIN : • - BLOOD VESSELS ( PLEXUS HELLER ) • - PLEXUS SUBMUCOUS OF MEISSNER • - PARASYMPHATETIC GANGLION • - GLANDS : - OESOPHAGEAL GLAND PROPER • - BRUNNER – GLANDS.

  13. TUNICA MUSCULARIS EXTERNA • CONSIST OF TWO LAYERS OF SMOOTH • MUSCLE TISSUE WHICH THE DIRECTION IS • CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL, EXCEPT ON • STOMACH, THERE ARE THREE LAYERS. • THERE IS AUTONOM GANGLON BETWEEN TWO • LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE, NAMELY • IS PLEXUS AURBACH • TUNICA ADVENTITIA / SEROSA • FILL WITH LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, IF COVERED BY MESOTHEL ( SIMPLE SQUAMOUS OF EPITHELIAL ) ARE CALLED SEROSA • FUNCTION : FIXATION

  14. GLANDS IN DIGESTIVE TRACK • AT THE WALL : • USUALLY THE LOCATED AT LAMINA PROPRIA : • CRYPTA OF LIEBERKUHN • IN SMALL INTESTINE AND LARGE INTESTINE • - OESOPHAGEAL-CARDIAC GLAND • IN POSTERIOR REGION OF OESOPHAGUS NEAR • FROM CARDIA. • AT SUBMUCOSA : • OESOPHAGEAL GLAND PROPER • - BRUNNER GLAND ( IN SUBMUCOUS OF • INTESTINE )

  15. AT OUTSIDER OF DIGESTIVE TRACT : •  SALIVARY GLANDS, PANCREAS AND LIVER • FUNCTION : HAVE IMPORTANCE ROLES IN • DIGESTION PROCESS • SPECIAL STRUCTURE : • OSOPHAGUS. • EPITHEL : STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS OF EPITHELIUM • NON KERATINIZED. • MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE : 1 LAYER, THICK WITH • LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION. • GLANDS : - OSOPHAGEAL GLAND PROPER, • MUCOUS CHARACTER LOCATED IN • SUBMUCOUS.

  16. - OSOPHAGEAL-CARDIAC GLAND IN LAMINA PROPRIA OF POSTERIOR REGION OF OSOPHAGUS. TUNICA MUSCULARIS EXTERNA : 1/3 UPPER REGION : THE OUTER LAYER IS SKELETAL MUSCLE AND THE INNER IS ALSO SKELETAL MUSCLE. 1/3 MIDDLE REGION : THE OUTER LAYER IS SKELETAL MUSCLE AND THE INNER LAYER IS SMOOTH MUSCLE. 1/3 DISTAL REGION : THE OUTER LAYER IS SMOOTH MUSCLE AND THE INNER IS ALSO SMOOTH MUSCLE TOO.

  17. OESOPHAGEAL-CARDIAC JUNCTION

  18. IN CROSS SECTION, THE FORM OF OSOPHAGUS LUMEN IS LIKE AS STAR, BECAUSE THERE ARE MUCOUS AND SUBMUCOUS FOLD. STOMACH IS A DILATED SEGMENT OF DIGESTIVE TRACK WHICH THE INGESTED FOOD IS RECEIVED AND DIGESTED BY CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESS. IN GROSS ANATOMY, THERE ARE : - LONGITUDINAL FOLD, NAMELY IS RUGAE. - CAVITY ( INWARD ), NAMELY IS FOVEOLAE GASTRICAE ( GASTRIC PITS ).

  19. TUNICA MUCOUSA • EPITHEL IS SIMPLE COLUMMNAR, THE • FUNCTION IS PROTECTING, NAMELY IS SURFACE • EPITHELIUM, CYTOPLASM APPEARANCE IS • CLEAR, THERE ISN’T GOBLET CELL IN THIS • EPITHEL. • - LAMINA PRORIA : FULL OF GLANDS. • MUSCULARIS MUCOUSAE : THERE ARE THREE • LAYERS, THE DIRECTIONS ARE CIRCULAIR, • LONGITUDINAL AND CIRCULAIR.

  20. TUNICA SUBMUCOUS : THERE ISN’T GLAND IN THIS LAYER. • TUNICA MUSCULARIS EXTERNA : CONSIST OF THREE LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE  THE DIRECTION ARE CIRCULAIR - LONGITUDINAL – CIRCULAIR. • TUNICA ADVENTITIA : CONSIST OF SEROSA. • STOMACH ARE DIVIDED INTO : • CARDIAC REGION • CORPUS / FUNDUS • PYLORUS

  21. CARDIAC REGION • FOVEOLAE GASTRICAE LIKE AS V LETTER • GLAND IS DOUBLE COMPOUND, WITH BRANCH, • ESPECIALLY IN UPPER PORTION OF GLANDS • NAMELY IS CARDIAC GLAND. • CORPUS / FUNDUS REGION • FOVEOLAE GASTRICAE LIKE AS U LETTER • TUBULAR GLANDS, ARRANGED AS STAND • ERECTLY TO THE SURFACE AND ALSO • PARAREL  FUNDIC GLAND

  22. THE CELLS IN FUNDIC GLAND : • CHIEF CELL : IS MAIN CELL, CONTAIN • ZYMOGEN GRANULES IN CYTOPLASM AND • PRODUCE PEPSINOGEN ------------------- PEPSIN, • INFLUENCED BY HCL • - PARIETAL CELL : IS BIG MEASUREMENT, • PROTUDE TO THE LUMEN, CYTOPLASM HAVE • STRONG STAINED WITH H.E. STAIN ( RED ) AND • PRODUCE FREE HCL. • MUCOUS NECK CELL : IS DIFFICULT TO • DIFFER WITH CHIEFF CELL. • ARGENTAFFINE CELL : WITH Ag • IMPREGNATION STAIN, THE COLOR IS DARK • BROWN.

  23. PYLORUS PRESENT DEEP OF GASTRIC PITS PYLORIC GLAND : RAMIFIED TUBULAR AND SHORT COILED GLANDS, SO NEVER SLICED LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION. SMALL INTESTINE FUNCTION : DIGEST AND ABSORB IMPORTANCE STRUCTURES, THAT IS NEEDED TO EXPEND THE SURFACE OF ABSORBTION PROCESS ARE :

  24. FUNDUS

  25. PYLORUS

  26. PLICAE SEMICIRCULARIS OF KERKRINGI : • MUCOSAL AND SUBMUCOSAL FOLD CIRCULAIRLY, WHICH CONSIST OF : - LAMINA PROPRIA • - MUSCULARIES MUCOSAE • - SUBMUCOSAE • TO ANAL DIRECTION, THE NUMBER IS LESS AND WILL DISAPPEAR IN THE MIDDLE OF ILEUM. • INTESTINAL VILLI : • THE PROPRIA PROTRUSION WHICH THE SHAPE LIKE AS A LEAF, TO ANAL DIRECTION THE NUMBER IS LESS AND SHORTER, AND WILL DISAPPEAR IN THE END OF ILLEUM. • MICROVILLI • CYTOPLASM PROTRUSION WHICH THE SHAPE IS LIKE A HAIR, VISIBLE ONLY WITH E.M.

  27. PLICAE KERKRINGI

  28. VILLI INTESTINALIS

  29. FOR PERFORMING THE GOOD FUNCTION OF DIGESTION, THERE ARE SOME STRUCTURES : • GOBLET CELLS • LOCATED ARE BETWEEN SURFACE CELLS, PRODUCE MUCOUS MATERIALS FOR PROTECTING EPITHEL SURFACE. • 2. GLANDS • IN LAMINA PROPRIA  CRYPTA OF LIBERKUHN, WHICH TO ANAL DIRECTION THE NUMBER IS GREATER. • PANETH CELLS • AT BASE OF CRYPT, IN CYTOPLASM CAN BE FOUND EOSINOPHLILIC GRANULES

  30. ARGENTAFFINE CELLS • CYTOPLASM STAINED WITH Ag / CHROMIUM • IMPREGNATION. THE COLOR IS BLACK. • ABSORBTIF CELLS • ARE SURFACE EPITHELIUM CELLS WHICH HAVE HIGH COLUMNAR AND MICROVILLI ( STRIATED BORDER ). • LOW COLUMNAR CELLS • IN UPPER PART OF CRYPT, AS A REPLACEMENT OF ABSORBTIF AND GOBLET CELLS. MANY MITOSIS PROCESS HAPPENED IN THIS PLACE.

  31. LOCAL STRUCTURES • DOUDENUM • VILLI SHAPE IS WIDE LIKE A LEAF • AT MUCOSA , THERE IS BRUNNER GLAND, ON • MIDDLE PART THERE IS ORIFICE OF • CHOLEDUCTUS DUCT AND PANCREATICUS • DUCT. • JEJUNUM • VILLI SHAPE LIKE A FINGER / TONGUE • ILLEUM • PLICAE KERKRINGI IS RARE, DISAPPEAR ON • MIDDLE PART OF ILLEUM, VILLI IS SHORT AND • ATHROPY, AND FINNALY IS DISAPPEAR, CRYPTA • UNCLEAR BECAUSE IS CLOSED BY PEYER’S • PATCH.

  32. DEUDENUM BERUNNER GLAND

  33. ILLEUM PAYER’S PATCH

  34. LARGE INTESTINE • THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SMALL INTESTINE : • THERE ISN’T PLICA KERKRINGI • THERE IS PLICAE SEMILUNARIS  IS • PROTRUTION OF MUCOSA, SUBMUCOSA AND • MUSCULARIS CIRCULARIS. • THERE ISN’T VILLI • A LOT OF NUMBER OF DEEP CRYPT AND ALSO A • LOT OF NUMBER OF GOBLET CELLS. • LOCAL STRUCTURES : • APPENDIX OF VERMIFORMIS • - THE LUMEN SHAPE IS TRIANGGLE

  35. PROPRIA CONTAIN A LOT OF LYMPHNODE • CRYPT OF LIEBERKUHN’S SHAPE IS NOT • STANDART. • MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE IS NOT CONTINUE • COLON • THERE IS TINEA COLI OUTER PART OF • MUSCULARIS EXTERNA IS ASEMBLE INTO THREE • GROUPS. • APPENDICES EPIPLOICAE ( +)  SEROSA, WHICH • CONTAIN ADIPOUSE TISSUE.

  36. RECTUM • TINEA COLI IS SPREAD AGAIN • APPENDICES EPIPLOICAE ( + ). • MUCOSA FORMS LONGITUDINAL FOLD, NAMELY • COLUMNAE RECTALIS MORGAGNI. • ANUS • - EPITHEL : STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM. • - CIRCUM ANALIS RECTI GLAND ( + ).

  37. RECTO-ANAL JUNCTION

  38. THANKS

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