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Mongols in China

Explore the Mongol conquest of China, including the rise of Genghis Khan, the expansion of the Mongol Empire, and the founding of the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan. Discover how the Mongols transformed from fierce invaders to respected rulers, and their impact on Chinese society and culture.

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Mongols in China

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  1. Mongols in China 7.24 I can describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan. Chapter 8 Section 3

  2. BELL RINGER 7.24 I can describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China including Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan.

  3. Where Were We? • As you know, by the A.D. 1200s, the Chinesehad created a powerful & successful civilization. • But…enemies to the north (Mongolia) were preparing to invade China. • They were the Mongols, the dominant nomadic group in central Asia. • They became the first non-Chinese people to rule all of China.

  4. Who were the Mongols? • Genghis Khan and his sons built the Mongol Empire, which stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe • The Mongols conquered China and created a new dynasty that tried to conquer Japan and began trading with the rest of Asia. • They lived in tribes, or groups of related families.  • They were nomadic herders who grazed their animals on the steppes, wide, rolling grassy plains.

  5. Ability to ride horses Mongols were known for: Ability to wage war

  6. THINK: What modern day war engine compares to the Mongol warrior and his horse? Explain your thinking. https://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/taming-the-horse https://youtu.be/dbbJHCrln6U As you watch the video, prepare to answer this question: How did the Mongol use of the horse make them superior warriors?

  7. Ghengis Khan His name was Temujin, which means “blacksmith.” He became Genghis Khan which means “strong ruler.” Known for cruel fighting And use of TERROR. He attacked, looted, and burned cities. People began surrendering to Mongols without a fight.

  8. Review 1. Which of the following is the best description of Mongols in China? A. Disciplined fighters but lazy emperors B. Fierce enemies but good rulers C. Failed soldiers but respectful leaders D. Loyal troops but selfish kings. 2. If you were to visit the Mongolian steppes, what would you likely see?

  9. As you watch the video, listen for and record adjectives used to describe Genghis Khan. Write a short paragraph describing him. VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0d9IWiP78Q

  10. THINK THINK ABOUT MODERN-DAY TERRORISTS. HOW WOULD YOU COMPARE THEM WITH GENGHIS KHAN? DISCUSS THIS WITH YOUR ELBOW PARTNER & BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH THE CLASS.

  11. Actions of Genghis Khan Created a group of tribal chiefs to help him plan military campaigns Drafted a law code 1st conquered steppes Gathered an army of 100,000 soldiers Chose army officers for ability, not family ties Invaded China in 1211 then conquered kingdoms that controlled parts of the Silk Road

  12. Mongol Empire Baghdad fell to Mongols in 1258. Egyptians stopped their advance. Ghengis Khan died in 1227, and his empire was divided among 4 sons. His grandson united the empire. The Mongols created the largest empire the world had ever seen.

  13. Peace and stability helped Mongols gain wealth through taxing trade on the Silk Road. They learned much from the Chinese, including gunpowder and the fire lance. Adopted inventions and ideas helped strenghthen the Mongol military. They respected cultures of places conquered and adopted beliefs and customs of many places. Mongol Rule

  14. QUICK CHECK • How did the Mongols change from being invaders and conquerors to being rulers? • The Mongols were some of the world’s fiercest warriors, brutal and cruel. • But after they defeated their enemies and became rulers, their personalities changed. They provided safety and respected the religions, culture and society of the conquered.

  15. Main Idea: Mongols conquered China and created a new dynasty that tried to conquer Japan and began trading with the rest of Asia. He completely wiped out the Song Dynasty within a decade by conquering southern China. He moved the Capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq(now modern Beijing). Kublai Khan became the new khan (ruler). He set up the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan means beginning. It lasted for only about 100 years,and 30 of that was led by Kublai Khan

  16. Kublai Khan This is a painting depicting Mongols under the Dynasty. Notice the dress of the people and skin color.

  17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_NPgMMazF4 Watch the Empire grow!

  18. Mongol Empire Under Genghis Khan 1227

  19. Mongol Empire 1294 under Kublai Khan How much has the Empire grown since 1227 A.D.?

  20. Mongol leaders had top government jobs. The Mongols had their own language, laws, and customs. There was little mixing with the Chinese. Many Chinese scholar- officials ran the Government. Kublai Khan Mongols in China The Mongols had a policy of tolerance.

  21. Mongols were  mostlyBuddhist,  but they allowed other  religionsfrom outside  China to exist  within the empire. Mongols welcomed  foreigners  because they  mistrustedthe  Chinese. Many foreigners  came  to China because of  widertrade with thewest. Social Policies Kublai Khan Kublai Khan

  22. QUICK CHECK Think about the rule of Kublai Khan. Elbow partners share with each other 1 of Kublai’s accomplishments. The youngest partner will share with the rest of the class.

  23. China became very wealthy during Mongol rule. Khanbaliq was known for its splendor and accommodations. Economic Power! Imports: silver, spices, carpets, and cotton Exports: Tea, silk, porcelain, and discoveries such as: gunpowder, the compass and steelmaking ppppp

  24. REVIEW Why did trading improve under Mongol rule? What goods did they trade and how?

  25. 7.45 I can summarize the effects and implications of Marco Polo’s travels and the location of his routes.

  26. “I did not tell half of what I saw.” -these were the last words of Marco Polo

  27. Importance of Marco Polo He traveled from Venice, Italy to China in the 1200s to serve Kublai Khan. He made many exploratory trips for Kublai Khan in 16 years and wrote a book about his travels and about the wonders of China.

  28. Political Conquest Continues • Mongols conquered Vietnam and North Korea. Forced labor in Korea helped the Mongols plan an invasion on the island nation of Japan. Koryo (leaders in Korea) accepted the Mongols like the Chinese and remained in power there. Mongol invasions

  29. This is the End! Kublai Khan died in A.D. 1294 and was followed by a series of weak leaders.  Mongol power began to decline. Yuan rulers lost the respect of the people. Unrest swept through China and ended Mongol rule.

  30. REFLECTION Describe the Mongol rule of China in at least one paragraph.

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