PLANTS

1. PLANTS

2. Hyphae basic structural unit Mycelium – mass of tangled hyphae

3. Objectives • Know the difference between mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms • Know the difference between the 3 types of plant cells • Know the 2 types of vascular tissue • Know the 2 types of meristems in plants

4. PLANTS • Multicellular (many celled) Eukaryotic (nucleus) • Autotrophic (make their own food) contain chlorophyll in chloroplast • Cell walls contain cellulose • Sexual and Asexual reproduction

5. REVIEW C6 H 12O6Glucose

6. NON-VASCULAR PlantsSeedless 1.Example Moss haveNo tubes or vessels to carry water etc.

7. 2. Must live in wet places water passes through cells by osmosis.

8. 3. No true roots – have rhizoids – anchor plant 4. Antheridium – sperm producing organ 5.Archegonium – egg producing organ

9. VASCULAR PLANTS • Examples are Ferns, Pines, Flowering plants

10. 2. Have vascular tissue similar to veins 3. Xylem – moves water and minerals up (dead cells) 4. Phloem – moves food (sugars) up/down (live cells)

11. Vascular Tissue

12. VASCULAR PLANTS WITH SEEDS • Produce seeds in cones or flowers

13. 2. Have true roots, stems, leaves 3. Fertilization – pollen enters ovary and combines with ovule (egg)

14. 4. Oldest Plant Alive – Ginkgo biloba (Have seeds)

15. VASCULAR PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS • Ferns • No seeds

16. FERNS a. Frond – leaf b.Rhizomes – underground stem

17. c. Sorus – produces spores

18. d. Fiddleheads – unfurling fern fronds

19. GYMNOSPERMS • Pine trees, firs, evergreens • Have cones (no flowers) • Male cone produces pollen • Female cone produces seed after pollination • Literally means “naked seed” male Female

20. GYMNOSPERMS

21. ANGIOSPERMS • Flowering plants, fruit trees • Most abundant type of plants • Seeds are contained in and protected by fruit • Monocot or Dicot

24. MONOCOT/DICOT

26. IV. Plant HormonesChemical messengers that affect a plant's ability to respond to its environment. Auxins - hormones that promote plant-cell elongation, apical dominance, and rooting.

27. Response to Stimuli - Tropism 1. Phototropism – response of a plant to light

28. IV. Plant HormonesChemical messengers that affect a plant's ability to respond to its environment. Gibberellins - a group of hormones that primarily stimulate elongation growth.

29. IV. Plant HormonesChemical messengers that affect a plant's ability to respond to its environment. Ethylene - the hormone responsible for the ripening of fruit.

30. IV. Plant HormonesChemical messengers that affect a plant's ability to respond to its environment. Cytokinins - a group of hormones that promote cell division. Abscisic acid - a hormone that generally inhibits other hormones.

31. V. Plant Response 1) Tropisms:plant movement toward or away from an environmental stimulus. • Phototropism - a growth response to light. Solar tracking is the phototropism of leaves or flowers as they follow the sun's movement across the sky.

32. Phototropism

33. V. Plant Response 1) Tropisms:plant movement toward or away from an environmental stimulus. • Thigmotropism - a growth response to contact with a solid object. Thigmotropism allows vines to climb. It is thought that an auxin or ethylene are involved in this response.

34. V. Plant Response 1) Tropisms:plant movement toward or away from an environmental stimulus. • Gravitropism - a growth response to gravity. Roots are positively gravitropic, usually growing downward and stems are negatively gravitropic, usually growing upward. Auxins are probably responsible for this growth.

36. V. Plant Response 1) Tropisms:plant movement toward or away from an environmental stimulus. • Chemotropism - a response to chemicals. The growth of a pollen tube is in response to chemicals produced produced by the plant ovary. • Hydrotropism - a response to water. Most plants have a positive response to water.

37. 2) Photoperiodism:plant response to changes in the length of days and nights. • Critical length is the length of daylight above or below which a species of plant will flower. • Long-day plants flower only when exposed to day lengths longer than their critical length. These are usually late spring and early summer flowers. • Short-day plants flower only when exposed to day lengths shorter than their critical length. These are usually early spring and fall flowers. • Day-neutral plants are not affected by the length of days and nights.

39. 2. Photoperiodism – plant response to daylight length (time)

40. Gravitropism – plant response to gravity

41. 4. Thigmotropism – plant response to touch

42. Positive – toward the stimulus • Negative – away from the stimulus Roots grow toward the earth, positive gravitropism. Roots grow away from light, negative phototropism

43. Patterns of Growth1. Annuals – grow, mature, and die in 1 year Phlox Petunia Geranium

44. 2. Biennials – A plant that produces roots, stems, and leaves the first year and flowers the second year. Money Plant Canterbury Bells

45. 3. Perennials – live for more than 2 years Gloriosa Daisy

46. ROOTS, STEMS, LEAVES, AND FLOWERS

47. MOSSES – DO NOT have true, roots, stems and leaves Review

48. FERNS Have true, roots, stems and leaves Review

49. GYMNOSPERMS – Have true roots, stems and leaves Review

50. ANGIOSPERMS – Have true roots, stems and leaves Review