Chapter 3 Notes

1. Chapter 3 Notes

2. The colonists won independence! Now what?

3. Articles of Confederation

5. Articles of Confederation • First written plan of US Gov’t • Drafted November, 1777 (during Rev. War) • Put into writing the powers that the Continental Congress was already exercising • Stressed independence of each state • Limits set on power of federal gov’t (suspicious of central power)

6. Powers to the STATES • Each state had one vote, regardless of size or population • All laws passed by Congress had to be approved by 9/13 states • Articles could not be amended unless all 13 states agreed • President of the U.S. was the president of Congress (1st was John Hanson)

7. Ratification • After a year, all but Maryland ratified it. • MD didn’t ratify until VA ceded western lands to the US in 1781. • Section 8 said Congress could decide how much money had to be raised, BUT actual tax laws would have to be passed by STATE legislatures

8. Accomplishments • Won the Revolutionary War • Negotiated Peace of Paris Treaty • Made each state recognize laws of other states • Passed Land Ordinances (schools & no slavery in NW Territory)

9. Weaknesses • Couldn’t collect taxes • No $ for gov’t to function • Military not paid & chased Congress out of building • No “real” president or Executive branch to enforce laws • No courts to deal with state conflicts • Couldn’t force states to meet military quotas • Few representatives showed up • Few laws passed (Needed 9/13) • Hard to change/amend (needed 13/13)

10. More of a “league of friendship” than a country Only lasted until 1789… Constitutional Convention created new document…

11. Post war problems… • Economic recession • inflation & wartime debt (Continental dollars had no value) • Destruction of farms & decreased artisan production • Rivalries b/w states • Slavery continued (banned in NW Territory) • No more Indian alliances (broken treaties; took land) • Rebellions (Shay’s & Whiskey) • How to handle new land in the west?

12. Land Ordinances

13. Land Ordinance of 1785 • Plan to sell new land in the Northwest. • Unsettled regions were divided • 6 miles on a side; subdivided into 36 (1 square mile) sections • Townships & sections were sold at public auction. • Most $ went to US Treasury • $ from one section went to local community for schools

14. Land Ordinance of 1785

15. Northwest Ordinance (Land Ordinance of 1787) • Plan to govern NW territory while they were growing from territory to statehood • Divided land into territories ruled by a governor & 3 judges chosen by Congress • Once 5,000 men of voting age settled, they could elect a local legislature to deal with their own issues & a nonvotingdelegate to represent them in Congress • Once population reached 60,000 they could draft a constitution & become a state • No slavery allowed north of the Ohio River

17. Constitutional Convention Philadelphia May 1787

19. Shhhhhhhh! • Only had the authority toFIX or AMEND the Articles of Confed. • Decided to keep plan to create a whole new gov’t secret • 55 delegates met for 4 months (none from RI) • T. Jefferson was in France & J. Adams was in England

20. Great Compromise The VA Plan vs. the NJ Plan…

21. Virginia Plan… • “Large-State Plan” • drafted by James Madison; presented by Edmund Randolph • 15 resolutions including... • Two-house legislature (Bicameral) • Senate – one vote per state • House of Rep. – based on population • three branches of gov’t • Legislature should elect the president (didn’t trust the general public) 

22. Virginia Plan

23. New Jersey Plan • “Small State Plan” • proposed by William Paterson in response to VA • Smaller states didn’t want to give control of fed gov’t to larger states, so proposed • one vote per state in one legislative body (Unicameral) • Also gave power to regulate trade and to raise money by taxing foreign goods.

24. New Jersey Plan

25. Great Compromise • Also known as the “Connecticut Comp.” • 2 Houses of Congress (Bicameral) • SENATE (upper house) = 2 per state (NJ Plan) • HOUSE OF REP (lower house) = pop. (VA Plan) (Each state has at least 1) CA = 53 NV = 2

26. Three-fifths Compromise • Once south realized that House of Rep. was to be based on pop, they wanted to include slaves… • North argued that the south did not give slaves any other rights or consider them citizens… • COMPROMISE~ • Every 5 slaves would be counted as 3 “people”

27. Constitution Ratified • September 17, 1787 • After they created the Bill of Rights to ensure individual and states’ rights…

28. Ch 3 Table of Contents ____ Title Page (2 pts) ____ Table of Contents (3 pts) ____Ch. 3 Notes (10 pts) ____ Sec. 1 W.S. ~Articles & Ord. (15 pts) ____ Sec. 2 W.S. ~Conv & Comp (10 pts) ____ “Big state vs. Lil State” Quickwrite (5 pts) ____ Quiz Review (5 pts) ___ / 50 Total

29. Chapter 3“A More Perfect Union” * Picture or symbol

30. Quickwrite In a paragraph, explain the different concerns of the smaller vs. larger original thirteen states when it came to representation in congress. You can include the various plans that each side created during the Constitutional Convention (VA vs. NJ) and what the final “Great Compromise” decided.

31. Quiz Review • Articles of Confederation~ Drafted 1777; Ratified 1781 • Delay b/c MD wouldn’t ratify until VA gave up land • Stressed STATES power / Limited FEDERAL GOV’T power • Each state got ONE vote • 9/13 to pass a law • 13/13 to amend Articles • Weaknesses (See page 181 & your notes) List four 1. 2. 3. 4. • Land Ordinances • 1785 ~ to sell land & raise money for Federal Treasury since no taxes • NW ~ Could apply for statehood once 60,000 people ~ NO SLAVERY in NW Territory • Compromises • Great ~ BICAMERAL (2 house) legislature • 3/5 ~ slaves count as three fifths a person for TAXATION & REPRESENTATION **Purpose of Constitutional Convention was to AMEND/FIX Articles of Confederation