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Chapter 3 Class Notes. Phases of Matter. Phases of Matter. The phases of matter are characteristic physical properties that can be used to help identify matter. All matter can exist as either a solid, a liquid or a gas.
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Chapter 3 Class Notes Phases of Matter
Phases of Matter • The phases of matter are characteristic physical properties that can be used to help identify matter. • All matter can exist as either a solid, a liquid or a gas. • Matter can be transformed from one phase of matter to another by adding or removing energy (heat)
Phases of Matter • The phases of matter are • Solids – have the least amount of energy • Liquids – have an in-between amount of energy • Gases – have the most amount of energy
Phases of MatterTransformations –Adding Energy • Solids turn into liquids by a process called melting which begins at a temperature called the melting point (mp) • Liquids turn into gases through a process called vaporization, which begins at a temperature called the boiling point (bp)
Phases of MatterVaporization • There are two forms of vaporization • 1) evaporation – when a liquid vaporizes at the surface only at a temperature below the boiling point • 2)boiling – when a liquid vaporizes throughout the liquid at a temperature at or above the boiling point. Identified by rapid bubbling of the liquid..
Phases of MatterTransformations - Removing Energy • Gases can turn back into liquids in a process called condensation that starts at a temperature called the condensation point. • Liquids can be turned back into solids in a process called freezing that starts at a temperature called the freezing point
Phases of MatterConnections • For any given matter the melting point temperature and the freezing point temperature is the same temperature. • For any given matter the boiling point temperature and the condensation point temperature are the same temperature. • Example: water ice melts at 0 oCelsius and water freezes at 0 oCelsius. Water boils at 100 oCelsius and steam condenses at 100 oCelsius .
Phases of MatterSublimation • Although most types of matter goes through all three phases, there are several types of matter that only exists in either the solid or gas phases. • These types of matter are mainly those that exists as a gas at room temperature. Ex. air, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen etc. • For these substances the process of going from a solid to a gas is called sublimation which begins at a temperature called the sublimation point. • The process of changing a gas into a solid is called deposition, which begins at a temperature called the deposition point
Phases of MatterEnergy vs. Temperature • Starting at a solid, as energy is added to matter, the temperature of the substance increases until it reaches a temperature called the melting point. • At the melting point, the substance starts to liquefy, but the temperature stops increasing until all of the liquid melts.
Phases of MatterEnergy vs. Temperature • After all of the substance melts the temperature starts increasing again. • The temperature of the liquid increases until it reaches a temperature called the boiling point, where the liquid starts to boil and turning into a gas. • Again the temperature stops increasing until all of the liquid turns into a gas. • After all of the liquid turns into a gas the temperature starts to increase.
