Plant Systems

1. On the following slides, the green sections are the most important– Underlined words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are shownin purple. Background Image Plant Systems

2. Image Introduction The Texas Bluebonnet (Lupinustexensis) is our state flower and a plant native to Texas. Remember that plants are NOT dead, but very much alive and composed of eukaryotic cells! In this unit we will discuss the systems in plants, specifically transport, reproduction, and response.

3. You eat plants all the time! (at least you SHOULD)

4. Garden flowers and apple trees are angiosperms Reproduction in Plants Pine cones are a type of gymnosperm • Plants reproduce in two ways • By using seeds • Angiosperms, also called flowering plants, have seeds that are enclosed within an ovary (usually a fruit) • Gymnosperm, also called conifers, have no flowers or fruits, and have unenclosed or “naked” seeds on the surface of scales or leaves. • Seedless reproduction

5. Reproduction via Flowers http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwrparts.jpg • Flowers are a reproductive organ (not all plants have flowers) with male and female parts. • pollination – transporting pollen (male sperm) to female part (ovule) • fertilization – union of sperm with egg (creates a development ofa plant embryo [seed] which grows into a mature plant).

6. Flowers Cont. • Male • Stamen– consist of the anther (produces pollen) and filament (supports anther) • Pollen – contains sperm • Female • Pistil – consists of the stigma,(where pollen lands),style, (connects stigma to ovary), and the ovule (develops into the fruit) • Ovule – develops into an egg, eventually becomes the seed when fertilized • Non-sexual • Petals – colored parts, attract pollinators (EX bees) • Sepals – green parts, protect flower parts

7. Flower Cont. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artoct08/bj-peru.html

8. http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/food-kitchen/food/fruits/tropical-fruits_4.jpghttp://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/food-kitchen/food/fruits/tropical-fruits_4.jpg Reproductive Tissues - Fruit • Fruits develop from a flower’s female reproductive structure(s), and sometimes other parts too. • The fruits contain the seed(s) • provide a means to spread and disperse the seed(s) and/or as a food source [rich in nutrients] for the germinating seed. • EX fleshy fruit like strawberries, apples, tomato, • EX dry fruit like walnuts and acorns

9. http://asm.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/Plants/seeds/seed.gifhttp://asm.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/Plants/seeds/seed.gif Reproductive Tissues – Seeds • Seed Plants form seeds (a plant embryo surrounded by a food supply) in order to reproduce. • Seeds are encased in a protective covering called a seed coat. • Video http://urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/images_rev/seed-pics.jpg

10. Seedless Reproduction http://www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/Diagrams/c10/c10-4fern.gif Seedless plants do not form hard seeds (EX mosses and ferns) and therefore these plants MUST have water in order for the sperm to swim to the egg.. Photo and caption by Bente Haarstad

11. Photograph by Luis del Río Conclusion Plants provide consumers with oxygen to breathe, food, shelter, as well as cleaning the air and water for the planet. Just like animals, plants are active responders within various environments to survive and thrive. Their use and importance is numerous; humans use plants with healing properties in medical treatments.