1 / 23

Basic Organic Nomenclature and Functional Groups ( Chapter 16 )

Basic Organic Nomenclature and Functional Groups ( Chapter 16 ). Hydrocarbons: contain carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons: contain carbon and hydrogen Alkanes contain only single bonds Alkenes contain at least one double bond Alkynes contain at least one triple bond.

elaine-hunt
Download Presentation

Basic Organic Nomenclature and Functional Groups ( Chapter 16 )

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Basic Organic Nomenclatureand Functional Groups (Chapter 16)

  2. Hydrocarbons: contain carbon and hydrogen

  3. Hydrocarbons: contain carbon and hydrogen • Alkanes contain only single bonds • Alkenes contain at least one double bond • Alkynes contain at least one triple bond

  4. Hydrocarbons: contain carbon and hydrogen • Alkanes contain only single bonds • Alkenes contain at least one double bond • Alkynes contain at least one triple bond • General Formulas: • Alkanes = CnH2n+2 • Alkenes = CnH2n • Alkynes = CnH2n-2

  5. Hydrocarbons Nomenclature:

  6. Hydrocarbons Nomenclature: • Two part names: • Prefix based on the number of carbon atoms in the chain • Suffix based on alkane, alkene, or alkyne

  7. Hydrocarbons Nomenclature: • Two part names: • Prefix based on the number of carbon atoms in the chain • Suffix based on alkane, alkene, or alkyne • Memorize these prefixes, in order: 1 – Meth 2 – Eth 3 – Prop 4 – But 5 – Pent 6 – Hex 7 – Hept 8 – Oct 9 – Non 10 – Dec

  8. Meth + ane, ene, yne Methane: Methene: does not exist Methyne: does not exist

  9. Eth + ane, ene, yne Ethane: Ethene: Ethyne:

  10. Prop + ane, ene, yne Propane: Propene: Propyne:

  11. But + ane, ene, yne Butane: Butene: Butyne:

  12. Pent + ane, ene, yne Pentane: Pentene: Pentyne:

  13. Hex + ane, ene, yne Hexane: Hexene: Hexyne:

  14. Hept + ane, ene, yne Heptane: Heptene: Heptyne:

  15. Oct + ane, ene, yne Octane: Octene: Octyne:

  16. Non + ane, ene, yne Nonane: Nonene: Nonyne:

  17. Dec + ane, ene, yne Decane: Decene: Decyne:

  18. Functional Groups: • Common groups of elements added to hydrocarbons that change their chemistry • Can be added on the end or interior • Names are changed to reflect the functional group(s)

  19. Cyclo-hydrocarbons • Carbons are in a ring • lowers expected C:H ratio by 2 hydrogens • Cyclohexane: Cyclohexene: • 1, 3, 5 cyclohexene : • Or benzene or phenyl

  20. Alcohols: have a hydroxide functional group • Usually on the end, but doesn’t have to be • Name ends in “ol” • Ethanol:

  21. Amines: contain nitrogen inside or on the end of the carbon chain • N can form up to 3 bonds, so either there is 1 chain and 2 H, 2 chains and 1 H, or 3 chains • The suffix “amine” is added • If there chains, the nitrogen is counted as being attached to the longest chain, and an italic N is used to show the shorter chains are attached to the nitrogen • If the N is inside a single chain, an infixed number is used

  22. Methanamine: Butan-2-amine: N-methylethanamine:

  23. Carboxylic acids: an end carbon is double bonded to O and to hydroxide • The carbonyl carbon counts as part of the chain • The suffix “ioc acid” is added • Can have one on each end of a chain, but naming that is beyond the scope of AP (especially if there are several branches) • Ethanioc Acid: • (Acetic Acid)

More Related