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Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups Nomenclature

Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups Nomenclature. Functional groups. Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features Note the chemical and physical properties of a compound e.g. properties such as boiling and melting point change due to functional groups

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Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups Nomenclature

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  1. Organic Chemistry:Functional GroupsNomenclature

  2. Functional groups • Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features • Note the chemical and physical properties of a compound e.g. properties such as boiling and melting point change due to functional groups • About 100 functional groups exist, we will focus on about 10 • Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds

  3. SummaryReference Table 1 p 93

  4. Organic Halides • Halogens attached to a carbon chain are named as a side chain. • The following prefixes are assigned • F-flouro Cl- chloro Br-bromo I-iodo • The location and number is identified • E.g. 1,2-dichloro-ethane • HW: Organic halides Q 1,2 p.33

  5. Try Naming These

  6. More practice 4-bromo-7-methyl-2-nonene 2,5-dibromo-6-chloro-1,3-cycloheptadiene 5-fluoro-7,7-dimethyl-2,4-octadiene

  7. Alcohols • Alcohols contain polar hydroxyl groups • -OH • Named by using the ending –ol • The location is given e.g. 2-propanol • HW: Alcohols: Q 1-3 p. 41

  8. 4C alcohols 1-butanol 2-butanol 1-isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol 2-isobutanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol

  9. Ethers • Contain a C-O-C • Named by identify the carbon groups as side chains • E.g. methyl methyl ether • HW: Ethers: Q 11 p 46

  10. Ethers methyl propyl ether isopropyl methyl ether diethyl ether

  11. Aldehydes and Ketones • Contain a carbonyl group C=O • In aldehydes the C=O is located at the end • Named by adding the ending –al • E.g propanal • In ketones the C=O is located in the middle • Named by stating the location and adding the ending –one • e.g. 2-propanone • HW: Aldehydes & Ketones Q 1-3 p 51

  12. Aldehydes butanal isobutanal, 2-methylpropanal

  13. Ketones 2-butanone, (butanone)

  14. Carboxylic Acids • Contains a carboxyl group • The group is polar and can have a negative charge • The hydrogen on the hydroxyl group can be released to make the substance acidic • Named with the ending oic acid • HW: Carboxylic Acid Q 1&2 p 60

  15. Carboxylic acids butanoic acid isobutanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid

  16. Esters • Esters form from a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid • Triglicerides contain the ester functional group HW: Esters: Q 11-12 p 66

  17. Esters methyl propanoate

  18. Esters ethyl ethanoate propyl methanoate isopropyl methanoate

  19. Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl • Q: which functional groups contain a hydroxyl group? • A carbonyl group? • A carboxyl group?

  20. Amines • Contain an amino group -NH2 • Can be at the end of the chain or have up to 3 chains bonded to it • HW: Amines Q 2,3 p 72

  21. butylamine Amines diethylamine methylpropylamine isopropylmethylamine ethyldimethylamine

  22. Amides • Contains • Present in proteins • HW: Amides Q 4-6 p 76

  23. Amides butanamide isobutanamide, 2-methyl-propanamide For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com

  24. HW: Putting it all together: Q 3,5,6 p 96

  25. Practice Naming Functional Groups Alcohols 2-propanol 1-propanol Ethers Acids Ethyl methyl ether Propanoic acid Esters Methyl ethanoate Ethyl methanoate

  26. C H C H N H 3 2 C H 3 Aldehydes Ketones 2-propanone propanal Amines propylamine trimethylamine ethylmethylamine Amides propanamide isopropylamine

  27. Alcohols Ethers dimethyl ether ethanol Acids Esters ethanoic acid methyl methanoate Aldehydes Ketones No ketones are possible (3 C minimum) ethanal Amines Amides dimethylamine ethanamide ethylamine

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