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Phylum Porifera

Phylum Porifera. Sponges. Characteristics. Sponges are Asymmetrical Filter feeders Cellular level of organization – nothing above Sessile Lacks true embryological germ layers. Anatomy. Diet of a sponge. Tiny, floating organic particles Detritus Plankton

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Phylum Porifera Sponges

  2. Characteristics Sponges are • Asymmetrical • Filter feeders • Cellular level of organization – nothing above • Sessile • Lacks true embryological germ layers

  3. Anatomy

  4. Diet of a sponge • Tiny, floating organic particles • Detritus • Plankton • Food is collected by choanocytes, distributed by amoebocytes

  5. Sponge reproduction • Most sponges are hermaphrodites • Sexual reproduction • Eggs or sperm released; captured by choanocytes; larval stage; free-floating or moving by cilia; settles and develops • Asexual reproduction • Budding • Fragmentation • gemmules

  6. Classification • Domain – Eukarya • Kingdom – Animalia • Phylum – Porifera • Classes – Calcarea, Demospongea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida

  7. Choanocyte

  8. Vocab terms • archaeocytes (amoebocytes) - Cells with pseudopods, located in the mesohyl. They are used in processing food, distributing it to other cells, and for other functions.benthic - living at or near the bottom of the seas.choanocyte - also called collar cells, choanocytes line the inner cavity of the sponge. They have a sticky, funnel-shaped collar (that collects food particles) and a flagellum (which whips around, moving water). The sponge obtains its nutrients and oxygen by processing flowing water using choanocytes. Choanocytes are also involved in sponge reproduction; they catch floating sperm.

  9. Vocab terms • epidermis (pinacocyte) - the epidermis is the layer of cells that covers the outer surface of the sponge. The thin, flattened cells of the epidermis are called pinacocytes.flagellum - the whip-like structure of a choanocyte; the flagellum moves, pushing water (which contains nourishment) through the sponge.hermaphrodite - an animal in which each adult can act as either the female or the male in reproduction.holdfast - root-like tendrils that attach the sponge to rocks.

  10. Vocab terms • invertebrate - an animal without a backbone.mesohyl (mesenchyme) - the gelatinous layer between the outer body of the sponge and the spongocoel (the inner cavity).osculum - a large opening in a sponge through which water flows out of the sponge. Sponges may have more than one oscula.ostia - a series of tiny pores all over the body of a sponge that let water into the sponge. One of these is called an ostium.pinacocyte - pinacocytes are the thin, flattened cells of the epidermis, the sponge's outer layer of cells.

  11. Vocab terms • porocyte - cells with pores that allow water into the sponge; they are located all over the sponge's body.sessile - permanently attached to a substrate and unable to move on its own. Adult sponges are sessile.spicule - spicules are sharp spikes (made of calcium carbonate) located in the mesohyl. Spicules form the "skeleton" of many sponges.spongin - the flexible, fibrous fibers that form the skeleton of horny sponges; spongin is located within the mesohyl.spongocoel - the central, open cavity in a sponge through which water flows.

  12. Figure 9.7 Ascon(oid) Sycon(oid) Leucon(oid)

  13. Asconoid body structure • Asconoid – simplest body structure. Tube or vase shape. Seldom exceed 1 mm (.5 inch) in diameter PinacocytesChoanocytes MesohylWater flow

  14. Syconoid body structure • Syconoid – variation on asconoid with pleats or folds in body wall. Increase in number of choanocytes. Can grow to a few cm in diameter PinacocytesChoanocytes MesohylWater flow

  15. Leuconoid body structure • Leuconoid – can grow to over 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter. Fills interior almost completely with mesohyl and greatly increases number of choanocytes PinacocytesChoanocytes MesohylWater flow

  16. Sponge diagram and anatomy

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