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Non-random mating can change population genetic structure

Non-random mating can change population genetic structure. Non-random mating – does not change allele frequencies – does cause genotype frequencies to differ from p 2 , 2pq, q 2 Types of non-random mating Assortative mating – mates are genetically similar

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Non-random mating can change population genetic structure

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  1. Non-random matingcan change population genetic structure Non-random mating – does not change allele frequencies – does cause genotype frequencies to differ from p2, 2pq, q2 Types of non-random mating Assortative mating – mates are genetically similar ex: inbreeding – mating between close relatives includes self-pollination Disassortative mating – mates are genetically different

  2. Howdoes non-random mating affect pop’n genetic structure? Example of assortative mating Generation 1 Generation 2 25% AA 12.5% AA 25% Aa 12.5% aa 25% aa all AA mate with AA 25% AA 50% Aa 25% aa 37.5% AA 25% Aa 37.5% aa all Aa mate with Aa all aa mate with aa Did allele frequencies change? Allele freq: 0.5A 0.5a Allele freq: 0.5A 0.5a Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Assortative mating leads to excess homozygotes

  3. Howdoes non-random mating affect pop’n genetic structure? What happens if assortative mating continues over many generations? Assortative mating leads to excess homozygotes

  4. Howdoes non-random mating affect pop’n genetic structure? What if disassortative mating occurs? Generation 1 Generation 2 25% AA 50% Aa 25% aa <25% AA >50% Aa <25% aa Allele freq: 0.5A 0.5a Allele freq: 0.5A 0.5a Disassortative mating leads to excess heterozygotes

  5. How can evolutionary biology help fight disease? How do pathogens evolve to be harmful? Can we stop pathogens from evolving harmful traits? • Evolution of drug resistance • mutation – rare mutations for resistance genes • natural selection – resistant individuals have higher fitness • in environments with the drug •  changing the selective environment can slow the evolution of resistance • (presence of drug) • Evolution of virulence • virulence – how harmful a pathogen is to its host • depends on natural selection and migration •  decreasing opportunities for migration can make virulence less adaptive • (spread to new host)

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