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MUTATION

MUTATION. QUICK REVIEW. DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell. Http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK6YP1Smbxk. While the copying of DNA is a very accurate process , what happens when a mistake is made?. Mutation . A mutation = change in gene sequence .

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MUTATION

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  1. MUTATION

  2. QUICK REVIEW DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell • Http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK6YP1Smbxk

  3. While the copying of DNA is a very accurate process, what happens when a mistake is made?

  4. Mutation • A mutation = change in gene sequence. • Most mutations are harmful to survival • Some mutations are beneficial to survival= adaptation

  5. Beneficial= adaptation Harmful Whether it’s beneficial or not can depend on the environment!

  6. Causes of Mutations • Random mistake that isn’t fixed • Things in the environment • Radiation (ex: nuclear, from the sun) • Chemicals

  7. 'Severe abnormalities' found in Fukushima butterflieshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19245818

  8. 1 min break

  9. Types of Mutations VC: DNA Mutation (up to :52) • Substitution: Incorrect pairing of 1 nucleotide base • Only changes onecodon so only one amino acid protein is changed

  10. Types of Mutations VC: DNA Mutation (0:53 to end) • Deletion/ Addition: an entire base is taken away or added (changes # of rungs) • Changes every codon after the mistake so many proteins are changed CONNEX: What type was part 2? Part 3?

  11. How does mutations work? • DNA is very accurate when making copies of itself, however, sometimes it makes a mistake. • Here’s a DNA sequence • AGCCCTTATAGGCTC • What are the corresponding base pairs? • TCGGGAATATCCGAG • Now when it’s being copied it replaces the T with a U. Rewrite the your answer with U’s instead of T’s. • UCGGGAAUAUCCGAG • What amino acids will this be coded for? • Serine, Glycine, Isoleucine, Serine, Glutamic Acid

  12. The Mutation • Here’s our original DNA sequence • AGCCCTTATAGGCTC • Now what are the corresponding base pairs? • TTGGGAATATCCGAG (we replaced the C with a T) • Now when it’s being copied it replaces the T with a U. Rewrite the your answer with U’s instead of T’s. • UUGGGAAUAUCCGAG • What amino acids will this be coded for? • Leucine, Glycine, Isoleucine, Serine, Glutamic Acid • You can see how replacing 1 base will change an amino acid!

  13. What type of mutation was this and why? • Substitution b/c incorrect base pair and only 1 codon changed

  14. PRACTICE EXAMPLES ON THE HALFSHEET Original: TAC GGG GGC GTAACCACAACTHere is the other side (copy). 1) Find the error: ATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA ATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA 2) Write the new RNA 3) Form the new codons (you can draw lines on RNA code above to separate) 4) Translate into the new amino acids AUG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA

  15. Original: TAC GGG GGC GTAACCACAACTHere is the other side (copy). 1) Find the error: ATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA ATG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA 2) Write the new RNA 3) Form the new codons (you can draw lines on RNA code above to separate) 4) Translate into the new amino acids AUG CGC CCG CATTGGTGTTGA Methionine-Arginine-proline- histadine- tryptophan-cysteine-stop

  16. What’s the difference from the original amino acid? Original: GGG Copy (correct): CCC mRNA: CCC Amino acid: Correct: Methionine- proline -proline Mutation: Methionine-Arginine-proline histadine-tryptophan-cysteine-stop

  17. PRACTICE EXAMPLES ON THE HALFSHEET B: TAA CGG ATG CCA GATCAAATCHere is the other side. Find the error: ATG CCT ACG GT CTAGTTTAG AT_ GCC TAC GGT CTAGTTTAG

  18. What’s the difference from the original amino acid? Original: Copy(correct): mRNA: AUU GCC UAC GGU Amino acid: isoleucine – alanine- tyrosine- glycine methionine-proline –threonine- ??? TAA CGG ATG CCA AT_ GCC TAC GGT ATT Correct Mutation

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