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Structure and Function of Cells

Structure and Function of Cells. Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology. Anticipatory Set!. Quick Write : Why do we need to learn about cells?. Burn Victim. Healing time is radically reduced and scarring almost eliminated by bioartificial skin!. Prokaryotic cell.

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Structure and Function of Cells

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  1. Structure and Function of Cells Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology

  2. Anticipatory Set! • Quick Write: • Why do we need to learn about cells?

  3. Burn Victim Healing time is radically reduced and scarring almost eliminated by bioartificial skin!

  4. Prokaryotic cell • Cells that do NOT contain membrane bound organelles. (unicellulat)

  5. Eukaryotic Cell Cells that DO contain membrane bound organelles.

  6. Discovery of Cells…. • Cells were discovered due to microscopes in the early 17th century • ROBERT HOOKE 1665 (english scientist) examined a slice of cork, he saw “little boxes” they reminded him of small rooms….cells! These were dead plant cells. • ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK 1632-1723 (dutch microscope maker) first to observe living cells

  7. Cells • Is the smallest unit of matter that can carry out all the processes of life. • Organelle: parts within a cell!

  8. Cell Theory(150 yrs. Passed after Hooke & Van Leeuwenhoek • 1. All living things are composed of one or more cells • 2. Cells are the basic unity of structure and function in an organism • 3. Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells.

  9. Three German Scientists early evidence for the cell theory… • Matthias Schleiden(1838) botanist, all plants are composed of cells • Theodor Schwann(1839) zoologist, all animals are composed of cells • Rudolf Virchow(1855) physician, cells come ONLY from other cells.

  10. Cell Diversity • Not all cells are alike! They vary in… • A) size • B) shape • C) internal organization SIZE: range from .2m – 0.2um (most are 10-50um) -not all are microscopic (most are) ex: giraffe’s nerve cells extend 6.5 ft. down it’s leg!! Cells are limited in size by the ratio between their outer surface area and their volume

  11. Internal Organization • Organelles: parts of a cell, have specific jobs • Tissues: groups of cells that have a similar function

  12. TISSUES!! • !

  13. Skin Cells

  14. Death of Tissue

  15. Organ Systems • Organ systems- a group of organs that work together to perform a set of related tasks. Digestive system includes: the stomach, esophagus, intestines and mouth. • Cells→Tissues→Organs→Organ Systems

  16. Human Circulatory System

  17. Cell Organelles! • Cell Membrane – separates cell from external environment, gives shape and flexibility to cell, selectively permeable

  18. Continue… • Cytoplasm: • gelatin like aqueous fluid called cytosol • Cytoplasmic streaming • Mostly water but also salts and organic molecules

  19. Continue… • Mitochondia: power house of the cell! Where cellular respiration occurs, production of ATP, has it’s own DNA • Cristae: inner membrane creating many folds to increase surface area

  20. Continue… • Ribosomes: where proteins are made, • Free Floating Ribosome: make proteins for the cell • Ribosomes attached to ER: make proteins to be exported from the cell

  21. Continue… • Endoplasmic Reticulum: (ER) acts as a highway for molecules to move around the cell. • Smooth ER: does NOT contain ribosomes • Rough ER: does contain ribosomes

  22. Continue… • Golgi Apparatus (bodies) processes, packages, and secretes • a) product is assembled (moves from ER to golgi, where it is put together and adjusted) • b) product is packaged (in new sacs) • c) product is mailed out (sent out of cell)

  23. Continue…. • Cilia: short hair like projections beat together to move an organism ex: humans trachea cilia move fluids and mucus! YUM

  24. Continue… • Flagella: long, whiplike projections, single or in pairs, rapid movement, ex: sperm

  25. Continue…. • Nucleus: brains! Control center of cell, DNA & RNA are made here! • Nuclear envolope: double membrane will pores • Chromatin: fine strands of DNA & protein • Nucleolus: inside nucleus where ribosomes are made

  26. Continue… • Lysosome: digestive enzymes, digest food, disease causing bacteria, old organelles, ex: lysosomes eat up tissue between fingers in embryos, usually only in animal cells

  27. Continue… • Cytoskeleton- helps shape & support cells • Microtubules: long slender protein tubes form spindle fibers during mitosis • Microfilaments: fine protein threads

  28. Animal cell only! • Centrioles: cell reproduction • Centrosome: cell reproduction

  29. Animal Cell

  30. Oranelles in Plant Cells ONLY • Cell Wall: rigid covering made of cellulose, protects cell, goes OUTSIDE cell membrane

  31. Continue…. • Central Vacuole: huge structure which may take up 90% of the space in plant cell

  32. Continue…. • Plastids • a) chloroplasts : site for photosynthesis • b) chromoplasts: stores red and yellow pigment • c) leucoplasts: non pigmented

  33. PLANT CELL

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