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Structure and function of cells

Structure and function of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism. Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye, you need a microscope to observe a cell.

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Structure and function of cells

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  1. Structure and function of cells

  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism. • Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye, you need a microscope to observe a cell. • There are two types of cells: Eukaryotic (has a distinct nucleus) and Prokaryotic (does not have a distinct nucleus). Cells

  3. All living things are composed of cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. • All cells are produced from other cells. This explains the relationship between living things and cells. Cell Theory

  4. Unicellular: Single celled organisms; the most numerous organisms on Earth; the first organism on Earth. They can carry out all the functions of life. Single Celled Organisms

  5. Functions of life

  6. Animal Cell Structure Bacterial Cell Structure

  7. Cell Wall: rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds a cell. Materials (water and oxygen) are allowed to pass through it. • Cell Membrane: A cell structure that controls which substances that can enter or leave the cell (eg. food, oxygen, or waste). Cell Membrane Cell Organelles Cell Wall

  8. Nucleus: A cell structure tat contains nucleic acids (the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s activities). • Nuclear Membrane: Protects the nucleus • Chromatin: Contains genetic material and direct functions of the cell • Nucleolus: Makes ribosomes Cell Organelles

  9. Cytoplasm: Region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; thick, gel-like, clear, and constantly moving; many organelles are found here. • Mitochondria: Rod shaped structure that are the “power house” of the cell, because they produce most of the cell’s energy. Cell Organelles

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Passageways that carry proteins and other amino acids from one part of the cell to the other. • Golgi Bodies: Flattened collections of sacs that receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packaged them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell. Cell Organelles

  11. Ribosomes: Produce proteins; small grain-like bodies on the outer surface of the ER or in the cytoplasm. • Chloroplasts: Capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell (gives plants their green color). Cell Organelles

  12. Vacuoles: water filled sac in the cytoplasm; stores food, water, other materials needed by the cell, and wastes. • Lysosomes: small round structures that contain chemicals that break down old parts of the cell into smaller ones. Cell Organelles

  13. Bacterial Cell Organelles • Nucleoid Region • Cilia • Pilli • Flagella • Cell Wall • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes • DNA • Vacuoles • Lysosomes • Chloroplasts • Large Vacuoles • Nucleus • ER • Golgi Bodies • Mitochondria Animal Cell Organelles Plant Cell Organelles

  14. Explain the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER. • Compare and contrast deoxyribonucleic acid to plant, animal, and bacterial cells. The rough ER has ribosomes on the outside. The smooth ER does not have ribosomes on it. Questions In all three types of cells, DNA directs the cells’ function. In plant and animal cells, DNA is located in the nucleus. In bacterial cells, DNA is located in the nucleic region.

  15. Explain why a Venus Flytrap would be an exception to the plant characteristics. • Compare and contrast protist and fungi using their characteristics. A Venus Flytrap would be an exception to the plant characteristics because the plant is not an autotroph. The Venus Flytrap does not make its own food, instead it is a heterotroph that eats bugs and insects. Questions Both protist and fungi are Eukaryotic and are asexual and/or sexual. Some protist have cell walls, unicellular, autotrophic, and/or heterotopic. Protist move by using cilia and/or flagella. Fungi defiantly have cell walls are multicellular, heterotrophic, and nonmobile.

  16. "Plant Cell Structure." Http://en.wikipedia.org. N.p., 21 Mar. 2012. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_cell_structure_edit.png>. Konieczka.info - Website Analysis & Rating For Konieczka." Konieczka.info - Website Analysis & Rating For Konieczka. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://konieczka.info.wenotify.net/>. Fisher, John. "Prokaryotes Intro." Biology 1407 John Flashcards. N.p., 14 Feb. 2013. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/prokaryotes-intro/deck/5556549>. Padilla, Michael J., Martha Cyr, and IoannisMiaoulis. Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Cells and Heredity. Needham, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. Print. Padilla, Michael J., Martha Cyr, and IoannisMiaoulis. Prentice Hall Science Explorer: From Bacteria to Plants. Needham, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. Print. "Coral Reef Ecology." Liza's Reef. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2013. <http://www.lizasreef.com/HOPE%20FOR%20THE%20OCEANS/coral_reef_ecology.htm>. Resources

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