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Phragmites “Monoculture – Alloway Creek Watershed (ACW)

Re-establishing Wetland Functions in the Estuarine Landscape: Balancing the Challenge of Invasive Species with Wetland Estuarine Connectivity Michael P. Weinstein, Ph.D. New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium, New Jersey Sea Grant 16 January 03. Phragmites “Monoculture –

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Phragmites “Monoculture – Alloway Creek Watershed (ACW)

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  1. Re-establishing Wetland Functions in the Estuarine Landscape:Balancing the Challenge of Invasive Species with Wetland Estuarine Connectivity Michael P. Weinstein, Ph.D. New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium, New Jersey Sea Grant 16 January 03

  2. Phragmites “Monoculture – Alloway Creek Watershed (ACW)

  3. Fundulus heteroclitus Cyprinodon variegatus Morone americana Leiostomus xanthurus Cynoscion regalis Adult Pomatomus saltatrix MARSH ESTUARY OCEAN TYPE I Coarse Grained (Levins 1968) TYPE II TYPE III Fine Grained TYPE IV

  4. J Alloway Creek Upper Bay J A S O J Mid Bay Mad Horse Creek J A S O J Lower Bay West Creek (DTSHF) J A S O J Bay Mouth Dennis Creek J A S O 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 Standard Length (mm) Standard Length (mm) Collected in: 1998 1999

  5. 25 18 11 4 -3 Trophic Shift -10 -30 -28 -26 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 Weakfish (C. regalis) collected in: Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) collected in: Alloway Creek Upper Delaware Bay Dennis Creek Mid Delaware Bay Lower Delaware Bay Open Bay Salt Marshes 25 Particulate Organic Matter (mostly Phytoplankton) Particulate Organic Matter (mostly Phytoplankton) Spartina species Spartina species 18 11 Benthic Microalgae 34S Benthic Microalgae Phragmites australis Phragmites australis 34S 4 -3 -10 -30 -28 -26 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 13C 13C

  6. Reclassification of Juvenile Weakfish Sub Region and Habitat Utilization Based on Their C, N, and S Isotope Values (K Nearest Neighbors) 60-100mm <60mm >100mm 2% 6% 15% Upper Bay 85% 90% 30% 15% 9% 13% Lower Bay 7% 5% 35% 13% 54% 91% Mad Horse Creek Upper Bay Discriminant Function Classification Mid Bay Dennis Creek Lower Bay West Creek (DTSHF)

  7. Marsh Creeks Open Bay 25 c. a. 20 SPM SPM Sa Sa 15 34S Pa Pa 10 White Perch Weakfish Bay Anchovies BMA BMA 5 Upper Bay Lower Bay Alloway Creek Mad Horse Creek Dennis Creek 0 -5 b. d. 20 15N 15 Sa Sa Pa Pa 10 BMA BMA SPM SPM 5 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -25 -20 -15 -10 13C

  8. Isotope Mixing Model Equations 1 = Pphrag + PPOM + PSpar. 13C Fish = (13CPhragx Pphrag) + (13CPOM x PPOM) + (13CSpar. x PSpar.) 34S Fish = (34SPhragx Pphrag) + (34SPOM x PPOM) + (34S Spar. x PSpar.) Known:13C Fish, 34S Fish, 13CPhrag , 13CPOM , 13CPOM,34SPhrag, 34SPOM,34SSpar., “1” Unknown: Pphrag,PPOM,PSpar.

  9. Estuarine Bouillabaisse Phragmites Spartina POM/BMA

  10. Conclusions • Teal Was Right, but the Devil Is In the Details! • Marine Transients Seem to Have Access to Marsh Production No Matter Where They Reside in the Estuary. • The Estuary Itself Serves as the Great “Mixing Pot” for the Products of Primary Production and Supports the Species We Investigated Over the Last Five Years.

  11. A Prediction If Marine Transients Are Not Marsh Obligates, i.e., Are Not Specifically Adapted to Living Here, Nor Depend on Them for Enhanced Survival and Recruitment Success, Then Marshes By Themselves May Not Be Nursery Habitats for Marine Transients, Sensu Beck et al. (NCEAS Working Group; BioScience 2001); IT’S THE ESTUARY, STUPID!

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