1 / 42

Personality & Cognition : A Lifespan Perspective

Personality & Cognition : A Lifespan Perspective. K. Warner Schaie and Sherry L. Willis The Pennsylvania State University. Acknowledgments:.

eugenia-norris
Download Presentation

Personality & Cognition : A Lifespan Perspective

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Personality & Cognition:A Lifespan Perspective K. Warner Schaie and Sherry L. Willis The Pennsylvania State University

  2. Acknowledgments: This research is currently supported by a grant #AG08055 from the National Institute on Aging (NIH). The long-term collaboration of members and staff of the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound is also gratefully acknowledged.

  3. Overview: • Design of the Seattle Longitudinal Study • Methodological issues in the SLS • Cognitive Abilities and Age • Personality and Cognition • Cognitive Styles • Social Responsibility • Age Differences on the NEO • Personality Factors in the SLS

  4. The Seattle Longitudinal Study (SLS) • Age Changes and Age Differences • Antecedents of Individual Differences in Adult Dev • Generational Differences • Interventions to Slow Cognitive Aging • Family Studies • Early Detection of Dementia

  5. Design of the Seattle Longitudinal Study

  6. Major Focus of Study • Dependent variables = Lifespan Development of Cognitive Abilities • e.g. Verbal, Spatial, Numeric, Reasoning • Independent variables: • Environmental Influences • Cognitive Styles • Personality characteristics • Family Influences

  7. Conceptual Model of SLS

  8. Methodological Issues: • Distinguishing AGE, PERIOD, and COHORT effects • Cross-Sectional data • Longitudinal data • Cohort effects

  9. The General Developmental Modelb = f(Age, Period, Cohort)Age = Chronological AgePeriod = Time of MeasurementCohort = Year of Birth

  10. Cross-Sectional Data :Age + CohortLongitudinal Data:Age + Period

  11. Sequential Methods of Data Collection

  12. Basic Cognitive Ability Variables(Since 1956) • Verbal Meaning • Space • Reasoning • Number • Word Fluency

  13. Latent Ability Constructs(Since 1984) • Inductive Reasoning • Spatial Orientation • Verbal Ability • Numeric Ability • Perceptual Speed

  14. Markers of Latent Ability Constructs

  15. Longitudinal Change in Cognitive Abilities

  16. Cohort Differences in Cognitive Abilities

  17. Cognitive Styles: • Motor-Cognitive Flexibility - Capacity to shift set in written responses • Attitudinal Flexibility - Tolerance or preference for changing circumstances in daily life • Psychomotor Speed - Speed and accuracy in simple written responses

  18. Markers of Cognitive Styles

  19. Cross-Sectional Age Differences

  20. Cross-Sectional Age Differences

  21. Cross-Sectional Age Differences

  22. Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Styles

  23. Cohort Differences in Cognitive Styles

  24. Correlations Between Cognitive Styles and Ability Variables

  25. Social Responsibility: Personal concerns and positive intents toward the resolution of social problems at the individual, community, national and international level. (Adapted from the California Personality Inventory)

  26. Cross-Sectional Age Differences in Social Responsibility

  27. Longitudinal Age Changes in Social Responsibility

  28. Cohort Differences in Social Responsibility

  29. The NEO Personality Inventory • Neuroticism- experience negative affect, susceptible to psychological distress • Extraversion- sociable, assertive, talkative • Openness- active imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, intellectual curiosity, independence of judgment • Agreeableness- sympathetic to others, ready to help, expects others will return help • Conscientiousness- purposeful, determined, fastidious, workaholic

  30. NEO: Age/Cohort Differences

  31. Correlations Between NEO and Ability Factors

  32. SLS Personality Factors • Affectothymia- Outgoing, wamhearted, participating • Superego Strength- Conscientious, moralistic • Threctia- -Shy, timid, restrained, threat sensitive • Premsia - Tender-minded, sensitive, clinging • Untroubled Adequacy-Self-assured, complacent • Conservatism of Temperament- Respects traditional ideas, tolerant of traditional problems • Group Dependency- A “joiner” and follower • Low Self-Sentiment- Uncontrolled, lax, careless of social rules, follows own urge

  33. Cross-Sectional Data: Negative Age and/or Cohort Trend:

  34. Cross-Sectional Data:Positive Age and/or Cohort Trends

  35. Longitudinal Age Changes: Stable or Negative

  36. Longitudinal Age Changes:Positive

  37. Cohort Differences in Personality Factors: U-Shape Trend

  38. Cohort Differences in Personality Factors

  39. Summary: • Development approaches to the study of personality involve: Cross-sectional, Longitudinal and Cohort perspectives • Cross-sectional - Age differences at one point in time • Longitudinal - Age-related change for one or more cohorts • Cohort - Cohort differences in age-related change

  40. Summary: • Cognitive Styles: Longitudinal Age Change • Motor Cognitive- increase to midlife & stability thereafter • Attitudinal - stability to midlife & decline thereafter • Psychomotor speed - increase to midlife and decline thereafter • Cognitive Styles: Cohort Trends - Positive increase • Social Responsibility: Longitudinal Change • Positive increase for males across age; stability for females • SLS Personality Factors: Longitudinal Age Change • Overall stability for most personality factors; decline for Affectothymia; increase for Group Dependency • SLS Personality Factors: Differential Cohort Trends by Factor

  41. The End

More Related