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Urinary Syste m

Urinary Syste m. By: Kaylynn Mena, Lissette Garcia, Ernesto Chacon, and German Rodriguez. Functions and parts of the Urinary System. Cortex : outer section of the kidney. Contains most of the nephrons, which aid in the production of urine.

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Urinary Syste m

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  1. Urinary System By: Kaylynn Mena, Lissette Garcia, Ernesto Chacon, and German Rodriguez

  2. Functions and parts of the Urinary System Cortex: outer section of the kidney. Contains most of the nephrons, which aid in the production of urine. Renal pelvis: a funnel-shaped structure that is the first section of the ureter. Its major function is to act as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter. Medulla: inner section of the kidney. It contains most of the collecting tubules, which carry the urine from the nephrons through the kidney. Hilum: notched or indented area through which the ureter, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels enter and leave the kidney.

  3. Functions and parts of the Urinary System Kidneys: two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column, behind the upper part of the abdominal cavity. The main function of the kidney is to remove nitrogenous wastes (mainly urea) from the body. Kidneys also filters blood plasma by separating waste substances from useful chemicals; regulate blood volume, blood pressure and blood pH, and produce certain hormones. Ureters: two muscular tubes approximately 10-12 inches. One extends from the renal pelvis of each kidney to the bladder. These ureters aid the urine in moving from the kidneys to the bladder.

  4. Functions and parts of the Urinary System Nephrons: microscopic filtering units located in the kidneys. There are more than one million nephrons per kidney and each nephron consists of a glomerulus, a Bowman’s capsule, a proximal convoluted tubule, a distal convoluted tubule, and a collecting duct. Glomerulus: cluster of capillaries. As blood passes through the glomerulus, water, mineral salts, glucose, metabolic products, and other substances are filtered out of the blood (red blood cells and other proteins are not filtered out of the blood). Filtered blood leaves the glomerulus and eventually makes its way to the renal vein, which carries it away from the kidney.

  5. Functions and parts of the Urinary System Bladder: hollow, muscular sac that lies behind the symphasis pubis and at the midline of the pelvic cavity. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and voluntary, and is lined by layers of muscle tissue that stretch to accommodate urine. Bowman’scapsule: c-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and is the start of the convoluted tubule. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac, and fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration.

  6. Diseases affecting the Urinary System Pyelonephritis:What part of the system does it affect: The kidneys. It can be cured, treatment methods are antibiotics and increased fluid intake. Some symptoms included are chills, fever, back pain, fatigue, dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria (pus in urine). This disease is caught through bacterial infection. More common in women (approximately 250,000 cases of acute pyelonephritis each year.) Cystitis: This disease affects the bladder, and can be cured. Treatment methods are antibiotics and increased fluid intake. Symptoms include frequent urination, dysuria, a burning sensation during urination, hematuria, lower back pain, bladder spasm, and fever. Cystitis is caught through bacterial infection and is more common in females due to the shortness of urethra. In the USA, an estimated amount of 700,000 women have it.

  7. Diseases affecting the Urinary System Uremia (azotemia): This disease also affects the kidneys and can be cured. Treatment consists of a restricted diet, cardiac medications to increase blood pressure and cardiac output, and dialysis until a kidney transplant can be performed. Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, an ammonia odor to the breath, oliguria or anuria, mental confusion, convulsions, coma, and eventually death. A lifestyle of a high protein diet or drug use can cause uremia, and anyone can be affected by this disease.

  8. Careers Involving the Urinary System Nephrologist : A doctor who specializes in the functions and disorders of the kidney. The education required is certification as Doctor of Medicine, 4 years of medical school, and certification and Licensure are required in some states. The salary ranges from $168,567-$275,195. Urologist:A physician who specialized in the study of the urinary tract in women and urogenital in men. The education required for this job includes 4 years of medical school, 3-6 years of Internship and Residency, and certification and licensure are required in most states. These doctors make between $325,200-$426,000 a year.

  9. AGN: Acute Glomerulonephris BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen IVC: Intravenous Cholangiography PKD: Polycystic Kidney Disease RUG: Retrograde Urethrogram -atresia: closure, occlusion Azot/o: nitrogen, urea Ltho/o: stone, calcus -uria: Urine condition Vesic/o: urinary bladder Abbreviations and Word Parts

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